Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides Flashcards
What are monosaccharides
The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule
Chemical structure of monosaccharides
General formula : (CH2O)n
What are isomers
Same molecular formula, differ in arrangement of atoms
Glucose
A hexose sugar, contains six carbon atoms, energy source in cells
Fructose
Hexose sugar
Galactose
Hexose sugar
Structure of monosaccharides
Ring structure due to reaction between carbonyl group and hydroxyl group
List all the hexose
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What happens in condensation reactions
A water molecule is released
A new covalent bond is formed
A larger molecule is formed by bonding smaller molecules
What happens in hydrolysis reactions
Just add h2o!
- a water molecule is used
- the covalent bond is broken
- a larger molecule is broken into smaller molecules
The type of bond between monosaccharides
Glycosidic bond
Function of monosaccharides
- source of energy in respiration
- building blocks for polymers
How are glycosidic bonds formed
- when two oh bonds interact to form a strong covalent bond
- results in one water molecule being removed
- hence being a condensation reaction
