carbohydrates, monosaccharides(1.2) Flashcards
what are the saccharides?
the three main groups of carbohydrates
what is the job of carbohydrates?
they act as; sources of energy, stores of energy, and structural units
why are monosaccharides particularly important in living organisms as a source of energy?
they are well suited due to the large number of carbon-hydrogen bonds
what is the generic formula of a monosaccharide?
CnH2nO2, ānā can be any number from three to seven
what are isomers?
two or more molecules with the same molecular formula but who differ structurally
what are the two isomers of glucose?
alpha glucose and beta glucose
how does alpha glucose differ from beta glucose?
the hydrogen and hydroxide bonded to carbon-1 is flipped (beat her up hydroxide)
what do monosaccharides taste like?
they are sweet tasting, e.g. glucose
are monosaccharide soluble or insoluble
the are soluble in water
how is glucose moved around the body?
via plasma in the bloodstream
what is fructose an isomer of?
glucose
what type of sugar is fructose?
a hexose sugar as it has 6 carbons
what is reduction?
a chemical reaction involving the gain of electrons or hydrogen
what is a reducing sugar?
a sugar that can donate electrons to (or reduce) another chemical
what is benedicts reagent made of?
it is an alkaline solution of copper (II) sulphate
what happens when a reducing sugar is heated with benedicts reagent?
it forms an insoluble red precipitate of copper (I) oxide
how is the benedicts test carried out?
- add 2cm cubed of the food sample to be tested to a test tube. If the sample is not already in liquid form, first grind it up in water.
- add an equal volume of benedicts reagent.
- heat the mixture in a gently boiling water bath for five minutes.
- record results.
