biological molecules (1.1)

Question 1

what is a monomer?

Answer 1

the small units from which larger molecules are made

Question 2

what are the three types of monomer?

Answer 2

nucleotide, monosaccharide, and amino acid

Question 3

what forms a nucleotide?

Answer 3

a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing organic base

Question 4

what does the joining of two amino acids form?

Answer 4

a dipeptide

Question 5

what does the joining of two monosaccharides form?

Answer 5

a disaccharide

Question 6

what are polymers?

Answer 6

molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

Question 7

what is a condensation reaction?

Answer 7

when two molecules join together with the formation of a chemical bond, and involves the removal of a molecule of water

Question 8

what chemical bond forms between monosaccharides during a condensation reaction?

Answer 8

a glycosidic bond

Question 9

what is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 9

the breaking of a chemical bond between two molecules, it involves the use of a molecule of water

Question 10

what does the suffix ‘lysis’ mean?

Answer 10

breaking down or splitting

Question 11

what does the suffix ‘ase’ mean?

Answer 11

enzymes

Question 12

what does the suffix ‘philic’ mean?

Answer 12

loving

Question 13

what does the suffix ‘phobic’ mean?

Answer 13

hating

Question 14

what does the suffix ‘ose’ mean?

Answer 14

monosaccharides and disaccharides

Question 15

what does the prefix ‘glyco’ mean?

Answer 15

sugar

Question 16

what is RNA broken down into and what bond is destroyed?

Answer 16

RNA is broken into nucleotides when hydrolysis reactions break the phosphodiester bonds

Question 17

what is glycogen broken down into and what bond is destroyed?

Answer 17

glycogen is broken into monosaccharides when hydrolysis reactions break the glycosidic bonds

Question 18

what is insulin broken down into and what bond is destroyed?

Answer 18

insulin is broken into amino acids when hydrolysis reactions break peptide bonds

Question 19

what are three examples of polypeptides?

Answer 19

hormones, enzymes, and antibodies