biological molecules (1.1) Flashcards
what is a monomer?
the small units from which larger molecules are made
what are the three types of monomer?
nucleotide, monosaccharide, and amino acid
what forms a nucleotide?
a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing organic base
what does the joining of two amino acids form?
a dipeptide
what does the joining of two monosaccharides form?
a disaccharide
what are polymers?
molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together
what is a condensation reaction?
when two molecules join together with the formation of a chemical bond, and involves the removal of a molecule of water
what chemical bond forms between monosaccharides during a condensation reaction?
a glycosidic bond
what is a hydrolysis reaction?
the breaking of a chemical bond between two molecules, it involves the use of a molecule of water
what does the suffix ‘lysis’ mean?
breaking down or splitting
what does the suffix ‘ase’ mean?
enzymes
what does the suffix ‘philic’ mean?
loving
what does the suffix ‘phobic’ mean?
hating
what does the suffix ‘ose’ mean?
monosaccharides and disaccharides
what does the prefix ‘glyco’ mean?
sugar
what is RNA broken down into and what bond is destroyed?
RNA is broken into nucleotides when hydrolysis reactions break the phosphodiester bonds
what is glycogen broken down into and what bond is destroyed?
glycogen is broken into monosaccharides when hydrolysis reactions break the glycosidic bonds
what is insulin broken down into and what bond is destroyed?
insulin is broken into amino acids when hydrolysis reactions break peptide bonds
what are three examples of polypeptides?
hormones, enzymes, and antibodies
