Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DOMAIN 1- Macronutrients, Micronutrients, Hydration > Carbohydrates, Lipids & Proteins > Flashcards

Carbohydrates, Lipids & Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

what are carbohydrates?

A

sugars, starches, celluloses, and fiber

chief source of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a monosaccharide?

A

a single sugar unit (glucose, fructose, galactose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a disaccharide?

A

two sugar units (sucrose, lactose, maltose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are polysaccharides?

A

long chains of monosaccharide units linked together (starch, fiber)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is fiber?

A

complex carbohydrate
provides bulk in diet and intestinal health
regulates the absorption of glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is soluble fiber?

A

dissolved by water
helps moderate blood glucose
lower cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is insoluble fiber?

A

does not dissolve in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is glucose?

A

simple sugar made by the body from carbs, fats, and sometimes protein
the main source of fuel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is glycogen?

A

complex carbohydrate used to store energy in the liver and muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is glycemic index?

A

the rate carb sources raise blood sugar and the effect on insulin release:
high = > 70 moderate = 56-69 low =< 55

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the functions of lipids?

A 
cellular membrane structure and function
precursor to hormones
cellular signals
nutrient regulation
protecting organs
insulates the body
prolongs digestion
helps with satiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the food sources of lipids?

A

monounsaturated (olive oil, avocados, peanuts)
polyunsaturated (sunflower oil, soy oil, omega 3s)
saturated (meat, coconut oil, dairy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are triglycerides?

A

the chemical form of most fat in food in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is saturated fatty acid?

A

raises “bad” LDL cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is trans fatty acid?

A

used to increase shelf life in foods

raises bad and lowers good cholesterols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is unsaturated fatty acid?

A

increase “good” HDL cholesterol

decreases risk sof heart disease

17
Q

what is a monounsaturated fatty acid?

A

lipid missing one hydrogen

one double bond

18
Q

what is a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

A

lipids with more than one point of unsaturation

19
Q

what is protein?

A

amino acids linked by peptide bonds

20
Q

what are essential amino acids?

A

cannot be manufactured by the body
must be obtained from food
there are 8

21
Q

what are nonessential amino acids?

A

can be manufactured by the body

22
Q

what is complete protein?

A

supplies all essential amino acids in appropriate ratios

23
Q

what is incomplete protein?

A

contains less than all 8 essential amino acids in appropriate ratios

24
Q

how is the protein used?

A

when energy needs are met with carbs and fats, protein is “spared” to build and repair body tissues and structure.
during a negative energy balance, amino acids are broken down and used for energy instead of carbs and fat

DOMAIN 1- Macronutrients, Micronutrients, Hydration (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions