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PHAR1603 Biochemistry > Carbohydrates Lecture > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

How is the D-form recognised in a chain?

A

OH group on right side (dextro)

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2
Q

How is the D-form recognised in a ring?

A

Hydroxy methyl group in up position

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3
Q

How is the L-form recognised in a chain?

A

OH on left side

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4
Q

How is the L-form recognised in a ring?

A

Hydroxy methyl group in down position

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5
Q

How is the alpha form of a ring recognised?

A

OH group on carbon 1 in down position

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6
Q

How is the beta form recognised in a ring?

A

OH group on carbon 1 is in the up position

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7
Q

What determines whether a carbohydrate is D/L form?

A

Configuration of the chiral centre furthest from the carbonyl

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8
Q

What are the two types of monosaccharide?

A

Aldose and ketose

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9
Q

Is fructose an aldose or a ketose?

A

Ketose

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10
Q

How many carbon atoms are in a fructose ring?

A

Five

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11
Q

What is the general formula of carbohydrates?

A

(CH2O)n

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12
Q

What is another name for the monosaccharide Triose?

A

Glyceraldehyde

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13
Q

What is another name for the monosaccharide Tetrose?

A

Erythrose

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14
Q

Another name for monosaccharide hexose?

A

Glucose

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15
Q

Formula for sedoheptulose?

A

C7H14O7

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16
Q

Ribose (pentose) formula?

A

C5H10O5

17
Q

When does optical isomerism occur?

A

When there is an asymmetric carbon atom (ie 4 different groups attached)

18
Q

Name 4 glucose enantiomorphs

A

Glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose

19
Q

Fischer projections - horizontal bonds joined to asymmetric carbon…

A

…are in front of the plane of the page

20
Q

Fischer projections - vertical bonds joined to an asymmetric carbon…

A

…are behind the plane of the page

21
Q

What type of bond is found in polysaccharide chains?

A

Alpha 1-4 bonds

22
Q

What type of bond is found in branched polysaccharides?

A

Alpha 1-6 bonds

23
Q

What two sugars make up lactose?

A

Beta-D-Galactose & Beta-D-Glucose

24
Q

What type of bonding is present in lactose?

A

Beta 1-4 link

25
Q

What enzyme is used to break down lactose?

A

Beta-D-galactosidase (lactase)

26
Q

The disaccharide sucrose is a diner of which two sugars?

A

Glucose and fructose

27
Q

What are uronic acids?

A

Monosaccharides with an ionisable COOH instead of CH2OH at carbon 6

28
Q

What is ‘conjugation’ in terms of metabolism and excretion?

A

Addition of a uronic acid to a xenobiotic, increasing water solubility and providing labels recognised by excretion mechanisms

PHAR1603 Biochemistry (6 decks)

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