Amino Acids Lecture

Question 1

Another name for R-groups

Answer 1

Side chains

Question 2

Another way of writing primary/secondary/tertiary?

Answer 2

1y/2y/3y

Question 3

How many natural amino acids are there?

Answer 3

20

Question 4

Define primary structure

Answer 4

Linear sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Question 5

What are nucleic acids built from?

Answer 5

Nucleotides

Question 6

Give two important functions of nucleic acids

Answer 6

Determine structure of DNA

Basis of energy transfer molecules e.g. ATP

Question 7

Name three components of a nucleotide

Answer 7

A pentose (5C) sugar
A nitrogenous base
A phosphate group

Question 8

What are the two types of nitrogenous base found in nucleotides?

Answer 8

Purines or pyrimidines

Question 9

What pentose sugar is found in RNA?

Answer 9

Beta-ribose

Question 10

What pentose sugar is found in DNA

Answer 10

Beta-2-deoxy-ribose

Question 11

What are the two types of purines found in nucleic acids?

Answer 11

Adenine and guanine

Question 12

What pyrimidines are found in nucleotides?

Answer 12

Cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 13

What are proteins?

Answer 13

Biomolecules that contain many amine bonds, formed by joining amino acids together

Question 14

How are D amino acids recognised?

Answer 14

NH3+ group in right side of Fischer projections

Question 15

How are L amino acids recognised?

Answer 15

NH3+ group on left side of Fischer projections

Question 16

In what form are most naturally occurring amino acids?

Answer 16

L form

Question 17

What bonds form between two cysteine residues?

Answer 17

Disulphides bridges, giving tertiary structure more strength

Question 18

Name the three groups of amino acid based on their R-group

Answer 18

Hydrophobic, hydrophobic aromatic, hydrophilic

Question 19

What bonding is present in primary structure of proteins?

Answer 19

Peptide bonds

Question 20

What is the secondary structure?

Answer 20

Regular folding of regions of polypeptide chain

Question 21

What bonding is present in the secondary structure

Answer 21

Hydrogen bonds

Question 22

Name the two possible arrangements of the secondary structure

Answer 22

Alpha helix and beta sheet

Question 23

Describe the arrangement of the alpha helix

Answer 23

All R-groups point outwards

Question 24

What is a nucleoside?

Answer 24

A dimer formed when a pentose sugar is linked to a nitrogenous base

Question 25

Where does the link form when a purines base links to a pentose to form a nucleoside

Answer 25

C1 of pentose and N9 of purine base

Question 26

Where does the link form in a pyrimidine nucleoside?

Answer 26

C1 of pentose and N1 of pyrimidine

Question 27

How is the tertiary structure held together

Answer 27

Van der waals, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulphide bridges

Question 28

How is quaternary structure formed?

Answer 28

Interactions of different polypeptide chains

Question 29

Give an example of a structural protein

Answer 29

Collagen, found in connective tissue, related disease is scurvy

Question 30

Give an example of a hormone

Answer 30

Insulin, regulates blood glucose levels, related disease is diabetes

Question 31

Give an example of a protein involved with immunity

Answer 31

Immunoglobins (antibodies)

Question 32

Give an example of a transport protein

Answer 32

Haemoglobin, transports oxygen around body

Question 33

Give an example of an enzyme

Answer 33

Hexokinase, carries out first step of glycolysis

Question 34

Give an example of a contractile protein?

Answer 34

Actin and myosin

Question 35

Give an example of a storage protein

Answer 35

Ferritin, stores iron in the liver

Question 36

What is transcription?

Answer 36

Synthesis of RNA from DNA

Question 37

What is translation?

Answer 37

Synthesis of proteins from RNA

Question 38

Structural name of adenine

Answer 38

6-aminopurine

Question 39

Structural name of guanine

Answer 39

2-amino-6-hydroxypurine