carbohydrates functions

Question 1

is glucose highly soluble

Answer 1

yes- can be transported into plasma

Question 2

is glucose a small or large molecule

Answer 2

small- can be absorbed across cell membranes fairly easily

Question 3

how reactive is glucose

Answer 3

quite reactive- energy can be released during respiration

Question 4

is sucrose soluble

Answer 4

yes- can be transported across the phloem

Question 5

is sucrose more or less reactive than glucose

Answer 5

less- less likely to react during transport

Question 6

what is starch

Answer 6

polysaccharide- made from many alpha glucose residuals

Question 7

are starch molecules chains branched

Answer 7

may be branched

Question 8

are are starch chains coiled

Answer 8

into a helix

Question 9

functions of starch

Answer 9

long- used to store glucose so can be used for respiration
insoluble- doesn’t affect osmosis
helical- compact for storage
branched- many ends for glucose residuals to be removed
high density-settles on bottom of plant cells o plant can find center of gravity

Question 10

what is glycogen

Answer 10

the animal version of starch

Question 11

is glycogen a poly or monosaccharide

Answer 11

polysaccharide

Question 12

what is glycogen used for

Answer 12

to store glucose in animal cells

Question 13

whats the difference between starch and glycogen

Answer 13

glycogen is more branched

Question 14

what is cellulose

Answer 14

a polysaccharide of beta glucose

Question 15

what type of chain is cellulose

Answer 15

straight, unbranched

Question 16

what do cellulose molecules look like

Answer 16

straight, parallel

Question 17

what makes cellulose strong

Answer 17

they are joined by hydrogen bonds

Question 18

what are microfibres

Answer 18

bundle of cellulose molecules running parallel to each other
each layer is in a different direction

Question 19

why is cellulose a stable structure in cell walls

Answer 19

because its not easily hydrolysed

Question 20

what is chitin

Answer 20

polymer of glucosamine
provides strength

Question 21

where is chitin found

Answer 21

extra cellular cuticles
eg- fingernails

Question 22

what is the ratio of molecules in carbohydrates

Answer 22

1:2:1 or
Cn H2n Cn

Question 23

how many isomers does glucose have

Answer 23

2
alpha glucose
beta glucose

Question 24

what is a monomer which is a sugar

Answer 24

monosaccharide

Question 25

what is 2 monosaccharides

Answer 25

disaccharide

Question 26

what are many monosaccharides

Answer 26

polysaccharide

Question 27

why is glucose describes as hexose

Answer 27

because it contains 6 carbon atoms

Question 28

is glucose a reducing sugar

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

what do 2 glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic bond and a condensation reaction make

Answer 29

maltose

Question 30

if glucose and fructose are joined together by a condensation reaction what do they make

Answer 30

sucrose

Question 31

if glucose and galactose are joined together by a condensation reaction what do they make

Answer 31

lactose

Question 32

how are glycosidic bonds broken down in glucose+? types of reactions

Answer 32

by hydrolysis reactions
using a water molecule
often carried out by an enzyme