CARBOHYDRATES CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
what happens when an anomeric carbon of a carbohydrates reacts with an OH group in a slightly acidic conditions
a glycosidic bond is formed with the release of water (condensation)
what is the description and component monosaccharides of sucrose?
-common table sugar
-glucose1a > 2 fructose
what is the description and component monosaccharides of maltose
-product of starch hydrolysis
-glucose 1a > 4 glucose
what is the description and component monosaccharides of trehalose
-found in fungi
-glucose 1a > 1 glucose
what is the description and component monosaccharides of lactose
-main sugar in milk
-galactose 1b > 4 glucose
what is the description and component monosaccharides of melibiose
-found in legumes
-galactose 1a > 6 glucose
what are the functions of polysaccharide-complex sugar
-storage
-structural material
-connective tissue
-cell identification
-bacteria cell wall
example of polysaccharide-complex sugar that functions as structural material
cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, chitin, dextran, inulin
example of polysaccharide-complex sugar that functions as storage
starch and glycogen
example of polysaccharide-complex sugar that functions as connective tissue
glycosaminoglycan - i.e hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, heparin, dermatan sulphate, keratan sulphate
example of polysaccharide-complex sugar that functions as cell identification
glycoprotein > proteoglycan
example of polysaccharide-complex sugar that functions as bacteria cell wall
polysaccharides
where are glycogen and starch stored?
granules in cells
what storage are starch and glycogen for?
starch = plants
glycogen = animals
main units of starch
amylose & amylopectin
what kind of molecules are amylose, amylopectin and glycogen
-amylose = a linear molecule (a 1-4)
-amylopectin & glycogen = branched polymers (a 1-4 & a 1-6)
what is cellulose
-major polysaccharide in woody and fibrous plants
-single most abundant single polymer in the biosphere
what enzyme can digest cellulose
cellulase
what type of polymer is cellulose
linear polymer of D-glucose
what linkage exist in cellulose?
B(1-4) glycoside
what are the components that are bonded to cellulose?
hemicellulose, pectin & lignin in plant cell walls
what other bond exist in cellulose
lots of hydrogen bonds occur in cellulose microfibrils (this is what make cellulose very strong n why human cant digest them)
what does each microfibrils consist of?
each microfibril consist of 50-100 cellulose molecules
what can cellulose also exist as?
Cellulose can exist as fully extended chains, with each glucose residue flipped by 180° with respect to its
neighbour