CARBOHYDRATES CHAPTER 1

Question 1

What are the 3 classification of carbs

Answer 1

1) monosaccharides
2) disaccharides
3) polysaccharides

Question 2

which carb is the simplest

Answer 2

monosaccharides

Question 2

which carb is monomeric?

Answer 2

monosaccharides

Question 2

what is the empirical formula for monosaccharide?

Answer 2

(CH2O)n

Question 3

what are the smallest molecules of monosaccharides called?

Answer 3

trioses (3 carbon molecule)

Question 4

what can trioses be divided into?

Answer 4

glyceraldehyde & dihydroxyacetone

Question 5

glyceraldehydes are equal to?

Answer 5

aldehyde and aldose

Question 6

dihydroxyacetone is equal to?

Answer 6

ketone and ketose

Question 7

what differs glyceraldehyde(aldose) from dihydroxyacetone (ketose)?

Answer 7

position of c=o. they have the same atomic composition but diff in the location of H & double bonds (known as tautomers ; constitutional isomers of 2 compounds that readily interconvert between 1 another)

Question 8

what do you call an aldose with 3 carbon atoms?

Answer 8

aldotriose (glyceraldehyde)

Question 9

aldose with 4 carbon?

Answer 9

aldotetrose

Question 10

5 carbon aldose?

Answer 10

aldopentose (ribose)

Question 11

what about ketose with 3 carbon atoms?

Answer 11

ketotriose (dihydroxyacetone)

Question 11

6 carbon aldose

Answer 11

aldohexose(glucose/ galactose)

Question 12

ketose with 4 carbon ?

Answer 12

ketotetrose

Question 13

5 carbon ketose

Answer 13

ketopentose (ribulose)

Question 14

6 carbon ketose?

Answer 14

ketohexose (fructose)

Question 15

what are chiral centres?

Answer 15

carbon atom attached to 4 different groups

Question 16

what are isomers?

Answer 16

-compounds with identical molecular forms
-can be categorized into constitutional isomers/stereoisomers

Question 17

what are stereoisomers?

Answer 17

isomeric molecules that have similar molecular formula & constitution but differ in spatial orientation

Question 17

what are the divisions of stereoisomers

Answer 17

enantiomers & diastereomers, epimers & anomers

Question 18

what are enantiomers?

Answer 18

molecules that are mirror images of one another

Question 19

what about diastereomers?

Answer 19

molecules where their chiral carbons are connected to the exactly the same substrates at differing configurations. NOT MIRROR IMAGES

Question 20

what are epimers?

Answer 20

two diastereomers that differ only at one chiral centre/ carbon

Question 21

what about anomers

Answer 21

• Molecules that differ in configuration at the
  anomeric carbon.
• E.g:  and  configurations based on the position
  of OH group at C1