CARBOHYDRATES CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 classification of carbs
1) monosaccharides
2) disaccharides
3) polysaccharides
which carb is the simplest
monosaccharides
which carb is monomeric?
monosaccharides
what is the empirical formula for monosaccharide?
(CH2O)n
what are the smallest molecules of monosaccharides called?
trioses (3 carbon molecule)
what can trioses be divided into?
glyceraldehyde & dihydroxyacetone
glyceraldehydes are equal to?
aldehyde and aldose
dihydroxyacetone is equal to?
ketone and ketose
what differs glyceraldehyde(aldose) from dihydroxyacetone (ketose)?
position of c=o. they have the same atomic composition but diff in the location of H & double bonds (known as tautomers ; constitutional isomers of 2 compounds that readily interconvert between 1 another)
what do you call an aldose with 3 carbon atoms?
aldotriose (glyceraldehyde)
aldose with 4 carbon?
aldotetrose
5 carbon aldose?
aldopentose (ribose)
what about ketose with 3 carbon atoms?
ketotriose (dihydroxyacetone)
6 carbon aldose
aldohexose(glucose/ galactose)
ketose with 4 carbon ?
ketotetrose
5 carbon ketose
ketopentose (ribulose)
6 carbon ketose?
ketohexose (fructose)
what are chiral centres?
carbon atom attached to 4 different groups
what are isomers?
-compounds with identical molecular forms
-can be categorized into constitutional isomers/stereoisomers
what are stereoisomers?
isomeric molecules that have similar molecular formula & constitution but differ in spatial orientation
what are the divisions of stereoisomers
enantiomers & diastereomers, epimers & anomers
what are enantiomers?
molecules that are mirror images of one another
what about diastereomers?
molecules where their chiral carbons are connected to the exactly the same substrates at differing configurations. NOT MIRROR IMAGES
what are epimers?
two diastereomers that differ only at one chiral centre/ carbon
what about anomers
- Molecules that differ in configuration at the
anomeric carbon. - E.g: and configurations based on the position
of OH group at C1
