Carbohydrates and Lipids Flashcards
What is a monomer? (1)
A monomer is a small, identical molecule from which larger molecules called polymers are made via condensation reactions
What is a polymer? (1)
Polymers are large molecules made from joining 3 or more similar monomers together
What is a condensation reaction? (1)
removal of one water molecule which forms a bond
What is a hydrolysis reaction? (1)
addition of one water molecule to break a bond
Give 2 examples of monomers (2)
Alpha/Beta glucose
Nucleotides
Amino acids
Give 2 examples of polymers (2)
Nucleic Acids
Cellulose
Starch
Protein
Name the bond formed between two monosaccharides (1)
Glycosidic bond
Draw the structure of alpha glucose (1)
https://www.google.com/search?q=structure+of+alpha+glucose&rlz=1C1VDKB_en-GBGB967GB967&sxsrf=ALiCzsa9otHIICek5tboH32WQ6Ai9k1dTA:1651412793402&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUmLaHuL73AhWSX8AKHRSzAr0Q_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1280&bih=601&dpr=1.5#imgrc=Od39dZJh972gdM
Which monosaccharides form maltose and which enzyme is used to hydrolyse maltose? (2)
Alpha Glucose and Alpha Glucose
Enzyme - Maltase
Which monosaccharides form lactose and which enzyme is used to hydrolyse lactose? (2)
Alpha Glucose and Galactose
Enzyme - Lactase
Which monosaccharides form sucrose and which enzyme is used to hydrolyse sucrose? (2)
Alpha Glucose and Fructose
Enzyme - Sucrase
Give three features of starch and explain how these enable it to act as a storage substance. (3)
Helical so compact
Insoluble so doesn’t affect water potential
Large molecule so does not leave cell
Branched chains (1:4 and 1:6 glycosidic bonds) so rapid hydrolysis to remove glucose for respiration
The structure of cellulose is related to it’s role in plant cell walls. Explain how. (3)
Long straight unbranched chains of beta glucose monomers
Joined by MANY WEAK hydrogen bonds
Form microfibrils
Provide increased strength
Hydrogen bonds are important in cellulose molecules. Explain why. (2)
Holds cellulose chains together
Provides strength
Many weak hydrogen bonds provide strength in large numbers
Describe how lactose is formed and where in the cell it would be attached to a polypeptide to form a glycoprotein (3)
Glucose and Galactose
Joined by condensation reactions
Forms glycosidic bond
Added to [polypeptide in Golgi Body