Carbohydrates And Lipids Flashcards
What is a polymer?
Long molecules made up from many smaller molecules
What is a monomer?
Small molecules that are the building blocks of polymers
What is the monomer and polmers of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccarhides, polysaccharides
What are the monomers and polymers of proteins ?
Amino acids and proteins/ polypeptides
What are the monomers of fats /lipids?
Triglycerides
What are the monomers and polymers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides, dna/rna
What is a condensation reaction?
When two molecules join together to form one larger molecule and one molecule of water
What bonds are present in carbohydrates?
Glycosidic bonds
What is a hydrolysis reaction ?
When molecules are split apart using a molecule of water
What is maltose made from?
Glucose + glucose
What is sucrose made from?
Glucose + fructose
What is lactose made from ?
Glucose + galactose
What is cellulose structure to function?
Plant cell wall up of beta glucose, glycosidic bonds, unbranched/ straight chains, strong structure for plant cell walls, insoluable so doesn’t affect osmosis so walls dont burst
What is a polysaccharide?
Many monosaccharides join together (condensation)
What is amylose structure to function?
Plants, glucose energy storage,a glucose, glycosidic bonds unbranched+ coiled, compact storage of glucose insoluble so doesn’t affect osmosis
What is glycogen structure to function?
Animals, glucose energy storage, a glucose, very branched, bigger surface area further hydrolyses, insoluble no affect on osmosis
What is the test for carbohydrates reducing sugar?
Benedict test, add blue Benedict solution, heat water sample if sugar present it’ll turn red
What is the test for carbohydrates non reducing sugars?
Benedict’s test, add hydrochloric acid, boil, rest for reducing sugars
What are triglycerides made from?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What are triglycerides joined by?
Ester bonds during a condensation reaction
What is a saturated fatty acid?
Don’t have double bonds between carbon atoms, cause an increase in cholesterol
What is a unsaturated fatty acid?
Does have double bonds between carbon atoms, have less hydrogen
