Carbohydrates and fats Flashcards
Name 3 main types of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Names 5 monosaccharides
Glucose Fructose Galactose (3 isomers) Deoxyribose Ribose
Name 3 disaccharides
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
Name 3 polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Give 2 properties of monosaccharides
These simple sugars dissolve in water and taste sweet
Give 2 properties of polysaccharides
Long chain sugars that are not soluble in water and don’t taste sweet (pasta and bread)
What is the name of the sugars in bread and pasta that release sugar quickly
Amylopectin - many branches so large surface area to break down for digestion causing high rise in blood sugar
What type of sugar in starch if digested more slowly?
Amylose
What is glycogen and where is it stored?
It has even more surface area than amylopectin and converts to energy v quickly, stored in liver and muscles
What is the name for the fibre humans can’t digest (but bacteria can)?
Cellulose which aids movement through the intestines
Name 5 functions of carbohydrates
Primary source of energy Storage of energy Proper bowel functions Protects from cvd Protects from diabetes Protects from colorectal cancer Increase satiety Aids weight loss
Where are carbs mainly digested and with which enzymes?
Mouth - salivary amylase
Small intestine- pancreatic amylase plus brush border enzymes
How do lipids move around the body?
They attach to a protein and are called lipoproteins to make them more soluble.
What is the main form of dietary fat?
Triglycerides which can be saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
Name 3 saturated fats
Lard
Butter
Coconut oil
