Carbohydrates

Question 1

Carbohydrates - elements that build carbohydrates

Answer 1

Carbon (c) hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O)

Question 2

Carbohydrate shape

Answer 2

hexagonal shape

Question 3

Carbohydrate examples

Answer 3

Glucose.
Galactose.
Maltose.
Fructose.
Sucrose.
Lactose.
Starch.
Cellulose.

Question 4

Subclasses of carbs

Answer 4

Simple = Monosaccharides & Disaccharides
Complex = Polysaccharides

Question 5

Monosaccharides (named examples)

Answer 5

Glucose
Galactose 
Fructose
Ribose 
Deoxyribose

Question 6

Disaccharides (named examples)

Answer 6

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

Question 7

Polysaccharides (named examples)

Answer 7

Fibre
Glycogen
Starch

Question 8

Carbohydrate monomers

Answer 8

Monosaccharides

Question 9

What are disaccharides made up from?

Answer 9

2 monosaccharides that have bonded together at Oxygen via a condensation reaction.

Question 10

Polysaccharides are?

Answer 10

Complex Carbohydrates - which are formed by many monosaccharides joining together via a condensation reaction.

Examples of polysaccharides are glycogen, starch and fibre.

Question 11

Functions of carbohydrates

Answer 11

Energy production & storage - main source glucose used for cellular respiration.
The most efficient fuel source for metabolism
Fast energy source
Structure - Cellulose forms long chains for protective walls around plants
Cell recognition & signalling - carbs Attach to proteins = Glycoproteins Attach to phospholipids = Glycolipids
Building blocks for nucleic acids for DNA/RNA (carbs deoxyribose/ribose)

Question 12

Cellulose structure

Answer 12

(plants) long chains creating a tough exterior / structural support

Question 13

What is Glycogen?

Answer 13

Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate (polysaccharide) that is made up of chains of glucose molecules bonded together by glycosidic bonds.

Long term energy storage,

Stored in the metabolically active cells liver and skeletal muscles to be used for energy when needed.

Glycogen is broken down to its simple sugar form glucose which can be used in aerobic respiration to produce large quantities of ATP when needed.

Glycogen is the state carbs take when they are in storage in the body. Surplus energy not used straight away is stored in liver and muscle cells.

Question 14

function of disaccharides

Answer 14

Transport

Question 15

Name 3 disaccharides and the components that make them up

Answer 15

Lactose = galactose + glucose
Sucrose = glucose + fructose
maltose = glucose + glucose

Question 16

Polysaccharides examples

Answer 16

many sugars...
starch (energy storage, plants)
cellulose (structure, plants)
glycogen (energy storage, animals)
chitin (exoskeletons of insects, cell walls of fungi

Question 17

shape of starch

Answer 17

coiled chain

Question 18

Glycolipid function

Answer 18

Stability of cell membrane

Cellular recognition, iportant for the immune system

Question 19

Glycoproteins function

Answer 19

Hormones e.g HCG 
structure
reproduction
immune system 
protection of cells