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1. Biological molecules > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the basic monomer of a carbohydrate called?

A

a monosaccharide

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2
Q

What is the general formula of a monosaccharide?

A

(CH2O)n

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3
Q

Name three monosaccharides.

A
  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
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4
Q

Name three disaccharides and what they are formed from.

A
  • Glucose + Glucose = Maltose
  • Glucose + Galactose = Lactose
  • Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose.
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5
Q

What is the bond which forms in a condensation reaction called?

A

Glycosidic bond.

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6
Q

Test for reducing sugars

A

Benedict’s Reagent

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7
Q

What is a reducing sugar?

A

a sugar that can donate electrons to another chemical

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8
Q

What colour is shown when a reducing sugar is present?

A

Brick red

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9
Q

Test for non-reducing sugars

A

Benedict’s Reagent + dilute hydrochloric acid + sodium hydrogencarbonate solution

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10
Q

Name three polysaccharides.

A
  • Starch
  • Cellulose
  • Glycogen.
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11
Q

Polysaccharides are insoluble which makes them suitable for…?

A

storage

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12
Q

What is starch made from?

A

a-glucose

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13
Q

Test for starch

A

Iodine solution test

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14
Q

If starch is presence what colour will iodine solution go?

A

blue-black

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15
Q

Property of starch chains

A

branched and unbranched

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16
Q

Name 5 ways in which starch is adapted to its function.

A
  • Insoluble (doesn’t affect the water potential)
  • Large (doesn’t diffuse out of cells)
  • Compact (can be stored in small spaces)
  • Hydrolysed to a-glucose which is easily transported
  • Branched form has many ends to be acted upon by enzymes.
17
Q

How is Glycogen different to starch?

A
  • Only found in animals
  • Shorted chains
  • More highly branched.
18
Q

Name 4 ways in which glycogen is adapted to its function.

A
  • insoluble (so does not draw in water)
  • insoluble (does not diffuse out of cells)
  • compact (increase storage)
  • highly branched
19
Q

What is cellulose made up of?

A

B-glucose

20
Q

Name three ways the structure of cellulose is suited to its function.

A
  • B-glucose so forms long straight parallel, unbranched chains,
  • Hydrogen bonds provide collective strength
  • Molecules are grouped to form micro-fibrils which are grouped to form fibres adding more strength.

1. Biological molecules (5 decks)

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