Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is the primary role of carbohydrates

Answer 1

To provide the body with energy (calories)

Question 2

Carbohydrates are mostly found in:

Answer 2

Plant foods; milk is the only animal food that contains carbs

Question 3

Carbohydrates are divided into 2 categories:

Answer 3

Complex and Simple

Question 4

Monosaccharides are

Answer 4

Single sugars

Question 5

Disaccharides are

Answer 5

Double sugars

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

The building block of carbohydrates, used in both plant an animal tissues as quick energy

Question 7

Fructose is:

Answer 7

Fruit sugar

Question 8

The 3 most important monosaccharides are:

Answer 8

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 9

The 3 most important disaccharides are:

Answer 9

lactose, maltose, sucrose

Question 10

What are complex carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Starch and fiber

Question 11

What are simple carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Naturally occurring sugars in fresh fruit, some vegetables, milk and milk products

Question 12

By law enriched grains must include:

Answer 12

B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, and the mineral iron

Question 13

What are the 2 forms of fiber

Answer 13

Soluble and insoluble

Question 14

Stimulates the muscles of the digestive tract; does not dissolve in water

Answer 14

Insoluble Fiber

Question 15

Reduces the risk of heart disease and improve diabetes control

Answer 15

Soluble Fiber

Question 16

Stored in the liver and the muscle; can be broken down by the liver to maintain a constant supply of blood glucose level what carbohydrate intake is low

Answer 16

Glycogen

Question 17

True or False: Liver cells can store an unlimited quantity of glucose?

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What 2 hormones are secreted by the pancreas to maintain a normal blood glucose level?

Answer 18

Insulin and glucagon

Question 19

What is the role of insulin?

Answer 19

Assists cells in drawing glucose from the blood

Question 20

What is the role of glucagon?

Answer 20

Signals the liver to release glucose into the blood stream

Question 21

What is hypoglycemia?

Answer 21

Insulin response is too excessive; blood glucose levels drop below normal

Question 22

What is hyperglycemia?

Answer 22

Abnormally high blood glucose concentration

Question 23

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 23

Those whose bodies make insulin but the cells resist responding to it

Question 24

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 24

Produce no (or very little) insulin

Question 25

The effect of food on a persons blood glucose and insulin response; how fast and how high the blood glucose rises and how quickly the body responds by bringing it back to normal

Answer 25

Glycemic effect (glycemic response)

Question 26

A ranking of foods based on their potential to raise blood glucose levels

Answer 26

Glycemic Index

Question 27

Name 3 foods that have a high glycemic index

Answer 27

White bread, mashed potato, watermelon

Question 28

Name 3 foods that have a low glycemic index

Answer 28

Lentils, soy milk, beans