Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Short and long term energy storage
Provide structural support
Surface markers on cell for cell communication
What are the 3 types of carbs (CHO)
Simple sugars hydrocarbon chain
Carbonyl
Aldehyde or ketone
What are the types of sugars
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligiosaccharides
Polysaccharides
What is a monosaccharide
1 sugar molecule
1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 oxygen
Used as quick energy
Dry state: linear chain
Wet state (dissolved): ring
What are examples of monosaccharides
Glucose, lactose, fructose, ribose
Glucose is an important monosaccharide, what is it made of and what are the different structures?
Hexose (6 carbon): C6H12O6
Alpha glucose: OH bonded on the bottom of carbon 1
Beta glucose: OH bonded on the top of carbon 1
Explain D- and L- glucose
D- and L- glucose are mirror images (just like left and right hands, not left and left hands)
D- is essential for living things
Characteristics of monosaccharides
Highly soluble in water
Taste sweet
As # of monos increase in the chain, the less sweet it will taste
Differences between alpha and beta bonds
Alpha bonds are easily broken down, • - - - •
Beta bonds are not broken down easily and often times cannot be broken down
• - - •
l _ l
What are disaccharides
2 sugar units
Subunits attached by GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGES
made by condensation reaction
What are oligiosaccharides and where are they found
3-9 units long
Found on the plasma membrane, aids with cell communication
What is a polysaccharide
Complex sugars
Made of 10 or more monosaccharides
Consists of many simple sugars (100’s to 1000’s)
What is the function of polysaccharides
Very polar, hydrophilic but too big to dissolve (paper towels)
In plants and animals for long term energy and structural support
What are examples of polysaccharides
Glycogen, starch, cellulose, chitin
What is glycogen
In animals for energy storage
a1-4 glycosidic linkages and a1-6 linkages
