Carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
What is a carbohydrate?
A
- A molecule made up of carbon, water and oxygen
- A molecule that releases energy from food when broken down
2
Q
What is a monosaccharide?
A
- A carbohydrate containing one sugar unit
3
Q
What is a disaccharide?
A
- A carbohydrate containing two sugar units
- Two monosaccharides joined together
4
Q
Give examples of disaccharides.
A
- Sucrose
- Lactose
- Maltose
5
Q
What is sucrose made up of?
A
Glucose and fructose
6
Q
What is lactose made up of?
A
Glucose and galactose
7
Q
What is maltose made up of?
A
Glucose and glucose
8
Q
Give examples of monosaccharides.
A
- Triose sugar
- Pentose sugar
- Hexose sugar
9
Q
How many carbons does a triose sugar contain?
A
3
10
Q
How many carbons does a pentose sugar contain?
A
5
11
Q
How many carbons does a hexose sugar contain?
A
6
12
Q
What is a polysaccharide?
A
- A carbohydrate made up of many sugar units
13
Q
What is a 1-4 glycosidic bond?
A
- When two monosaccharides are joined using a condensation reaction between their two OH groups
- A glycosidic bond is formed between the first carbon of one monosaccharide and the 4th carbon of the other.
14
Q
What is a condensation reaction?
A
- When two Oh groups join together and produce water
15
Q
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A
- When two monosaccharides are split up using water to break the bond between the two OH groups
