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Biology: Topic 1 > Antioxidants > Flashcards

Antioxidants Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are free radicals?

A

Atoms that posses unpaired electrons. Therefore, these atoms are highly reactive.

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2
Q

How do free radicals damage the body?

A
  • Take energy from other cells to satisfy themselves

- This damages DNA, cellular apparatus and cell membranes.

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3
Q

What are the sources of environmental free radicals?

A
  1. Sunlight
  2. Car exhaust fumes
  3. Cigarette smoke
  4. Alcohol consumption
  5. Emotional stress
  6. Exposure to heavy metals (mercury)
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4
Q

How are free radicals formed?

A
  1. During metabolic activity
  2. UV rays
  3. Ionising radiation
  4. Nitrous oxide
  5. Air pollution (ozone + UV)
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5
Q

How do antioxidants reduce damage to cells?

A
  • Donate their electrons to the free radicals
  • Free radicals’ outer shell becomes full
  • Therefore, less free radicals in body that are able to damage cells (DNA, cellular structures and cell membrane)
  • Less damage to cells
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Biology: Topic 1 (13 decks)

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