Carbohydrates

Question 0

What elements do carbohydrates contain, and state the ratio

Answer 0

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen with the ratio of 1:2:1

Question 1

What are carbohydrates commonly known as?

Answer 1

Sugars

Question 2

What is a single simple sugar unit?

Answer 2

Monosaccharides

Question 3

What are carbohydrates classified according to?

Answer 3

The number of monosaccharides

Question 4

True or false, monosaccharides can be hydrolysed into any simpler form ?

Answer 4

False, they cannot

Question 5

Name to characteristics of monosaccharides

Answer 5

Soluble

Sweet in taste

Question 6

Is glucose osmotically active? State a reason and further explanation for your answer

Answer 6

Yes. This means it has the ability to promote osmosis

Question 7

What happens when glucose is dissolved in water?

Answer 7

It lowers the protoplasm’s water potential which H2O into cells

Question 8

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 8

A disaccharide is made up of two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond

Question 9

What is the ratio of C:H:O

Answer 9

1:2:1 Examples Maltose, Sucrose and Lactose

Question 10

Name two characteristics of disaccharides

Answer 10

Soluble

Sweet in taste

Question 11

How is a disaccharide formed?

Answer 11

Two monomers joined together. One molecule is released (dehydrolysis)

Question 12

What is an anabolic reaction

Answer 12

The building up of polymers using ATP

Question 13

Explain the process of hydrolysis

Answer 13

This is when polymers broke down. Water molecules are added when the bond between the polymers are split.

Question 14

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 14

“Break down” as ATP is released during the process

Question 15

What are polysaccharides

Answer 15

Polysaccharides are macromolecules because they are made from hundreds of glucose molecules. They exist in long chains that are either folded or branched (starch,cellulose, glycogen)

Question 16

Where is starch found

Answer 16

In plants

Question 17

Name two functions of starch

Answer 17

Insoluble in water

Energy storage molecule in plant cells

Question 18

How many types of starch are there? Name them

Answer 18

Amylose

Amylopectin

Question 19

Describe the process of starch being digested

Answer 19

Starch -> cellobiose -> glucose

Enzyme. Enzyme.

Question 20

Where is cellulose found

Answer 20

Cellulose is found in plant cell walls

Question 21

Describe the process of cellulose being digested

Answer 21

Cellulose -> cellobiose -> glucose

Enzyme. Enzyme.

Question 22

Where is glycogen found?

Answer 22

In animals and stored in muscle cells and the liver

Question 23

Why are polysaccharides insoluble in water?

Answer 23

They are too large therefore they are osmotically inactive and serve as as good storage tool.

Question 24

Name 5 Biological importance of carbohydrates

Answer 24

1. Important source of chemical energy for cellular respiration 2. Starch and glycogen are stored as reserve energy source 3. Supply the C, H and O for manufacture of lipids and proteins 4. Important structural role 5. Important protection role (gums and slimes)