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Organ Systems > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What is digestion?

A

Chewing (mechanical) and secreting acids and enzymes from stomach and bile, pancreas, small intestine (chemical)

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2
Q

What is absorption?

A

Movement of the smallest particles of food across the small intestine lining that is 1-cell thick, goes into blood/lymph circulation

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3
Q

What two types of ileocecal valves are there?

A

Papillary and labial type

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4
Q

What is the endocrine portion of the pancreas called and what two hormones does it secrete?

A

Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon

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5
Q

What do the duct cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

Aqueous NaHCO3 solution

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6
Q

What do the acinar cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

Digestive enzymes

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7
Q

What does small intestine digestion that’s stimulated by the neuroendrocrine system begin with?

A

Pancreas secretions: bicarb + water to neutralize stomach acid, enzymes to digest food

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8
Q

What are the three phases of pancreatic actions?

A

Cephalic, gastric, intestinal phase

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9
Q

What’s involved in the cephalic phase of pancreatic actions?

A

Smell, taste, chewing, swallowing causes vagus nerve to stimulate pancreatic secretions

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10
Q

What’s the gastric phase of pancreatic actions?

A

Gastric distension stimulates vagus nerve to stimulate pancreatic secretions

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11
Q

What’s the intestinal phase of pancreatic actions?

A

Digestive products trigger release of hormones that control secretion of CCK and secretin

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12
Q

What cells release CCK? What does it do?

A

I cells of pancreas release CCK; stimulates enzyme and bile secretion for digestion

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13
Q

What cells release secretin? What does it do?

A

S cells of pancreas; stimulates water and bicarb secretion

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14
Q

What autonomic NS inhibits pancreatic secretions CCK and secretin?

A

Sympathetic NS (opposite of what controls pancreatic secretions)

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15
Q

What are the 2 phases of small intestine CHO and protein digestion?

A

Pancreatic enzymes breaks big into small

Brush border enzymes break small into single units

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16
Q

What is the range of # glucose units in an oligosaccharide?

A

3-10

17
Q

What are the 6 major small intestine carbohydrases?

A

Amylase (pancreas), isomaltase, maltase, sucrase, lactase, trehalase

18
Q

What are the carbohydrate transporters?

A

SGLT1=glucose, galactose
GLUT5=fructose
GLUT2=glucose, fructose, galactose

19
Q

What happens to CHOs when it is malabsorbed by SI?

A

Get fermented by bacteria, creating gas

CHOs draw water osmotically in the intestine

20
Q

What is the transport system, cotransported ion, type of transport, and membrane location of oligopeptides?

A

PEPT1
H+
Secondary active transport
Apical membrane (facing lumen)

21
Q

What are two tight junction functions?

A

GATE function: regulate passage of micro and macro molecules through paracellular space

FENCE function: keep microbiota and large substances out for our protection

22
Q

What physical action opens tight junctions?

A

Actin contraction

23
Q

What can intestinal permeability in leaky gut cause?

A

Systemic symptoms, that is a main cause of rxns every time you eat

24
Q

What are the 7 causes of increased intestinal permeability?

A 
Diet
Medications
Infections: bacterial overgrowth
Stress
Hormones
Neurologic
Metabolic
25
Q

Absorption occurs through…

A

Transporters

26
Q

Saccharides need _____ to digest into monosaccharides

A

Brush border enzymes

27
Q

Peptides can be absorbed because…

A

They will be digested into AAs inside the enterocyte

28
Q

Pancreatic proteases need to be ________ but amylases don’t.

A

Activated

29
Q

Glucose absorbs via _______(transporter) but fructose may not due to less saturability of ________.

A

SGLT

GLUT5

30
Q

Stress inhibits _______ and increases __________.

A

Digestion

Intestinal permeability

Organ Systems (5 decks)

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