Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are polymers?
All organic compounds
Large macromolecules made up of monomers
What are inorganic compounds?
Those with out carbon
Oxygen, water , vitamins
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
How’s does your body deal with different types of sugar?
Breaks down carbs into simple sugars
How quickly they break down can affect how your body reacts
What is the monomer for lipids (fats) ?
Glcyreal and fatty acids
What is the monomer for proteins?
Amino acids
What is the monomer for nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
Dehydration syntheses
Anabolic
2 molecules bonded through the use of enzymes
Glucose+Glucose->Maltose+Water
Why do we need carbohydrates?
Fuel for physical activity
Proper organ function
Main source of immediate energy
Found in fruits , veggies , starches
Delivers vitamins and minerals
Organic compounds
Those with carbon
Joined by single , double , or triple organic bonds
All living things can produce organic compounds
What is hydrolysis
Catabolic
Bond broken by enzymes and water
Maltose+Water->Glucose+Glucose
What are monossahrides ?
(One sugar)
3-7 carbon atoms
All have carbon, hydrogen, oxygen at a 1:2:1 ratio
isomers ( same formula but atoms give a different structure )
5 carbon sugars include RNA and DNA
What are polysacchardies?
( many sugars / over 10 )
Bing chain of repeating sugar units that act as structural/storage
STORAGE - starch - plants store excess glucosein
Glycogen- animals storie excess glucose in the liver
STRUCTURAL- cellulose-( strength )
Chitin - exoskeleton of crabs , lobsters and insects
What are carbohydrates ?
Carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen
Classified in size of base chain and number of sugar units
What are disaccharides ?
( double sugar )
Formed when 2 or more monosaccharides have been joined by condensation
Sucrose-Glucose+Frutose
Plant sugars
lactose- Galatose + glucose
( found on milk )
Maltose - glucose + glucose
Seeds of germinaty plants
What is the glycemic index ?
Measures how for and how fast blood sugar rises after you have eaten
How does a person get type 2 diabetes ?
Cells do not respond to insulins “open for sugar” signal.
Both insulin and blood sugar levels stay high for a long peroid after eating
What is a lipid ?
Carbon , hydrogen , oxygen
Major energy storage system
Cushions organs and bones
Helps maintain healthy hair , skins , nails
What are 3 types of triglycerides?
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids used to store energy long term
Store energy more efficiently then carbohydrates
FATS- with saturated fatty acids
OILS - with unsaturated fatty acids
What are phospholipids ?
Made up of 1 glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate
Creates cell membranes
What are good fats ?
Unsaturated fats
Polyunsaturated fats which are found in sunflower corn and soybean like
Monounsaturated fats which are found in peanut conola and olive oils
What are bad fats ?
Saturated fats
Animal fats found in meat and seafood
