Carbohydrates Flashcards
Name two polysaccharides which are found in plants.
Starch and Cellulose.
Name the polysaccharide many animals store in their muscles and their liver.
Glycogen.
Describe a simple sugar: include the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, and the 3D arrangement of them.
A simple sugar is easily broken down to provide energy for the body. They are made up of a carbon and oxygen atom, as well as two hydrogen atoms.
Name the monosaccharide that humans most often use for energy.
Glucose.
What are the differences between a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide.
Monosaccharides are molecules which consist of only one simple sugar; disaccharides consist of two simple sugars; polysaccharides consist of large numbers of simple sugars, which are bonded together and form a chain, known as a starch.
What kind of organism produces most of the carbohydrates we eat?
Plants.
Mono- and disaccharides are both known as _____ sugars. Why do you think we refer to them this way?
Simple sugars. These saccharides are known as simple sugars because they consist of very small numbers of sugar units.
What kind of molecule is cellulose?
Cellulose is a polysaccharide.
Why is cellulose useful, even though we cannot digest it?
Cellulose helps clean our digestive tracts, because while it cannot be digested, it still follows through the stomach and both intestines, clearing out any leftover waste or bacteria.
What kind of organism can digest cellulose?
Only plants can digest cellulose.
What atoms make up carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides.
Name three monosaccharides of carbohydrates, as well as their function.
Galactose, Fructose, and Glucose; they act as a small source of energy for the cells.
Name the polymers, or polysaccharides of carbohydrates, as well as their function.
Starch, stores glucose for plants; Glycogen, stores glucose for animals; Cellulose, makes up the cell walls of plant cells.
