Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is an isomer? Give an example
A molecule with the same composition as another but has a different arrangement of atoms. Example alpha vs. beta glucose, D vs. L glucose
What is the standard chemical formula for monosaccharides?
C1 : H2 : O1
Alpha monosaccharides have the right sided hydroxyl located at the top or bottom?
Bottom
A Beta monosaccharide has the right sided hydroxyl located at the top or bottom?
Top
What is a polysaccharide?
A polysaccharide is many simple sugar molecules bonded together through glycosidic linkages
Oligosaccharides and Disaccharides are what ?
Small chains (less than 20) of simple sugars bound together. Disaccharides specifically are 2 simple sugars attached. Ex. Lactose, sucrose
Two or more monosaccharides are brought together through…
A condensation reaction forming Glycosidic linkages
Mono saccharides are what shape when dry?
Linear
Monosaccharides are what shape when dissolved in water?
A ring shape
Can polysaccharides dissolve in water?
No, because of their size - but they can still attract it (they are polar) eg: paper towels
Starch is used by plants for
Long Term Energy Storage
Cellulose is used by plants for
Structural support - the cell wall
Glycogen is used by who for what
Animals for long-term energy storage
Chitin is used by who for what
Insects, crustaceans, fungi for structural support
What makes cellulose different from starch and glycogen?
Cellulose contains B-glucose which we as humans are unable to break down for energy.
