carbohydrates

Question 1

what are monosaccharides and the 2 examples

Answer 1

they are sugars and there are composed of aldoses and ketoses

Question 2

what is the difference between aldoses and ketoses

Answer 2

ketoses have a double bond (ketones) compared to aldoses ( aldehyde)

Question 3

how can you distigush an anomers ?

Answer 3

1) alpha OH down oposite of 2nd carbon ch2oh
2) Beta anomer OH is up same side of C2OH

Question 4

what is the difference in aldose and ketoses cyclic forms

Answer 4

aldose , 2 OH on right side
ketose cyclic , all OH on right side

Question 5

what are the difference between reduced and non redcue sugars ?

Answer 5

reduced surgars of no double O
oxidixezed sugar have a ketone or carbozylic acid

Question 6

how can you make amino sugars?

Answer 6

by moodifying de oxy ribose at the 3 or 2 carbon with an amino group

Question 7

what are glycosidic bonds ?

Answer 7

anomeric OH + alcohol (OH) form a bond

Question 8

what are the 3 storage poly saccarindes and where are they found

Answer 8

1. amylose
2. amylopectin
3. glycogen

amylose and amlyopectin make up starch in plants
glycogen found in granuels within cells

Question 9

what is made up of amylose and how is is it linked

Answer 9

Glucose and linked through and alpha 1,4 linkage

Question 10

what is amylopectin made up of and how is it linked

Answer 10

glucose and it is linked with branched a 1,4 glucose and alpha 1,6 branches

Question 11

how is glycogen branched ?

Answer 11

via 1,4 alpha is more branched than amylopecitn

Question 12

what are the 2 structural poly saccharides ?

Answer 12

cellulose and chitin

Question 13

what is cellulose composed of and how it is linkes and where is found

Answer 13

glucose and linked through beta 1,4 molecule, cell wall of plants

Question 14

what is chitin made up of and what is its linked and where is it foundeed

Answer 14

glucose and beta 1,4 linkage and in arthoprod exo skeleton

Question 15

what is the difference between beta 1,4 and alpha 1,4 linage

Answer 15

beta makes structual alpha makes storagre alpha linkage is stronger

Question 16

what 3 AA are found in glycoprotein?

Answer 16

Asn, THR and Ser

Question 17

what links gylcoprotein

Answer 17

hylarunic acid

Question 18

what are 4 other things poly saccharids contribute to ?

Answer 18

1. ECM
2. Glyoamino glycans
3. Glycoprotein
4. connective tissue proteoglycans

Question 19

how is a bacterial cell wall linkes

Answer 19

beta 1,4

Question 20

what are enatiomers , epimers and diastomers

Answer 20

enan - mirror
epimoer - differ at 1 stereo centre
dias- differe at multiple sites