Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are the four main types of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
To provide energy to the body.
True or False: Carbohydrates are only found in plant-based foods.
False.
Fill in the blank: The basic unit of carbohydrates is called a _____ .
monosaccharide.
What are the three main types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Which monosaccharide is known as blood sugar?
Glucose.
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6.
What type of carbohydrate is sucrose?
Disaccharide.
True or False: Polysaccharides are composed of many monosaccharide units.
True.
Name one example of a polysaccharide.
Starch, glycogen, or cellulose.
What is the main storage form of glucose in animals?
Glycogen.
What is the primary structural component of plant cell walls?
Cellulose.
Fill in the blank: Carbohydrates can be classified as _____ or _____ based on their structure.
simple; complex.
What type of carbohydrate is lactose?
Disaccharide.
True or False: Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that the body can fully digest.
False.
How are carbohydrates typically classified based on their size?
As simple or complex carbohydrates.
What is the role of dietary fiber in human health?
To aid digestion and promote gut health.
Which carbohydrate is commonly referred to as table sugar?
Sucrose.
What is the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber?
Soluble fiber dissolves in water, while insoluble fiber does not.
Fill in the blank: The process by which plants convert sunlight into carbohydrates is called _____ .
photosynthesis.
What is a common source of carbohydrates in the diet?
Grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.
True or False: All carbohydrates are unhealthy.
False.
What happens to excess carbohydrates in the body?
They are converted to fat for storage.
Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for energy storage?
Carbohydrates.
What is the effect of high carbohydrate intake on blood sugar levels?
It can cause spikes in blood sugar levels.
Name one health risk associated with excessive carbohydrate consumption.
Obesity or diabetes.
