Carbohydrates Flashcards
What elements are in carbohydrates?
Hydrogen, oxygen and carbon
What are carbohydrates?
Long sugar units called saccharides
What are the three types of monosaccharides
Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
Which type of reactions happens between carbohydrates and what is the bond called?
-Condensation reaction
-glycosidic bonds
What are the monosaccharides?
-glucose
-fructose
-galactose
What is the difference a-glucose and b-glucose
A-glucose = hydroxyl group below the ring
B-glucose = hydroxyl above ring
What are the disaccharide?
-maltose
-sucrose
-lactose
What makes up maltose, sucrose and lactose
M= Glucose + Glucose
S= Glucose + Fructose
L= Glucose + galactose
Where is glycogen and starch formed from?
Condensation of Alpha Glucose
Where is cellulose formed from?
Condensation of beta glucose
What is glycogen and what is it formed from?
-main energy storage molecule
-many Alpha glucose molecules joined by 1,4 + 1,6 glycosidic bonds
How is glycogen equipped for its function?
-large number of branched sides= glucose (energy) can be released quickly
-compact= maximises the amount of energy that can be stored
What is starch?
A mixture of two polysaccharides (amylose and amylopectin) that stores energy in plants
What bonds join amylose?
1,4 glycosidic bonds
How is amylose equipped for its function?
-unbranded chain that is coiled, meaning it is very compact and can store lots of energy
