Carbohydrates Flashcards
Carbohydrates
Organic compounds made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
Monomers
Smaller molecules from which larger molecules are made
Polymers
Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together
Condensation reaction
A process where water is a byproduct of the joining of monomers
Hydrolysis
A process where water is added to break down larger molecules into monomers
Carbohydrate general formula
C(H2O)n
Monosaccharide and examples
An individual sugar molecule
Fructose, glucose and galactose
Triose
Monosaccharide with 3 carbon atoms
Pentose
Monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms
Hexose
Monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms
Glucose
A hexose sugar with the chemical formula C6H12O6
Isomers
Compounds with the same chemical formula but with different arrangements of atoms
Disaccharide
A carbohydrate formed from two monosaccharides joined together
Maltose
A disaccharide formed from two alpha glucose molecules
Sucrose
A disaccharide formed from glucose and fructose
Lactose
A disaccharide formed from glucose and galactose
Alpha glucose
Form of glucose where the OH- group is below the carbon 1
Beta glucose
Form of glucose where the OH- group is above the carbon 1
Polysaccharide
Complex carbohydrate made of many monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds
Glycosidic bond
Type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group
Functions of carbohydrates
Energy source
Structural components
Signalling molecules
Amylose and amylopectin structure
Amylose- coiled chained polymer of 1,4 glycosidic links
Amylopectin-branched polymer of 1,6 of adjacent glucose monomer
Glycogen structure
-Alpha glucose polymer of 1,4 glycosidic links but many side chains(1,6 glycosidic)
Cellulose structure
Beta glucose 1,4 glycosidic bonds straight chain
Each monomer 180 relative to next
