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Biological compounds > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Organic compounds made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

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2
Q

Monomers

A

Smaller molecules from which larger molecules are made

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3
Q

Polymers

A

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

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4
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A process where water is a byproduct of the joining of monomers

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5
Q

Hydrolysis

A

A process where water is added to break down larger molecules into monomers

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6
Q

Carbohydrate general formula

A

C(H2O)n

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7
Q

Monosaccharide and examples

A

An individual sugar molecule
Fructose, glucose and galactose

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8
Q

Triose

A

Monosaccharide with 3 carbon atoms

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9
Q

Pentose

A

Monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms

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10
Q

Hexose

A

Monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms

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11
Q

Glucose

A

A hexose sugar with the chemical formula C6H12O6

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12
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds with the same chemical formula but with different arrangements of atoms

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13
Q

Disaccharide

A

A carbohydrate formed from two monosaccharides joined together

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14
Q

Maltose

A

A disaccharide formed from two alpha glucose molecules

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15
Q

Sucrose

A

A disaccharide formed from glucose and fructose

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16
Q

Lactose

A

A disaccharide formed from glucose and galactose

17
Q

Alpha glucose

A

Form of glucose where the OH- group is below the carbon 1

18
Q

Beta glucose

A

Form of glucose where the OH- group is above the carbon 1

19
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Complex carbohydrate made of many monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds

20
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

Type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group

21
Q

Functions of carbohydrates

A

Energy source
Structural components
Signalling molecules

22
Q

Amylose and amylopectin structure

A

Amylose- coiled chained polymer of 1,4 glycosidic links
Amylopectin-branched polymer of 1,6 of adjacent glucose monomer

23
Q

Glycogen structure

A

-Alpha glucose polymer of 1,4 glycosidic links but many side chains(1,6 glycosidic)

24
Q

Cellulose structure

A

Beta glucose 1,4 glycosidic bonds straight chain
Each monomer 180 relative to next

25
Q

Chitin structure

A

long chains of beta 1,4 bonds but with acetyl amine group
Rotated 180 in relative

26
Q

What type of bonding happens between the OH groups of cellulose parallel chains?

A

Hydrogen bonding due to the cross links

27
Q

Starch/glycogen adaptations

A

Easily removable due to branched
Insoluble so no osmotic effect
C-H give high energy 17 kJ/g-1

Biological compounds (7 decks)

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