Carbohydrates

Question 1

Which elements do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 1

C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 2

What are the smaller molecules which carbohydrates are made of?

Answer 2

Monosaccharides
(Simple sugars)

Question 3

Which carbohydrates are soluble in water?

Answer 3

Sugars are soluble;
polysaccharides are insoluble

Question 4

Why do organisms need carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Easily available energy (17 kJ/g)

Question 5

What is the simplest kind of carbohydrate called?

Answer 5

Monosaccharides
(Simple sugars)

Simple sugar molecules are very small.

Question 6

What is it called when two simple sugar molecules join together?

Answer 6

Disaccharides
(Complex sugars)

Complex sugar molecules are larger than simple sugar molecules.

Question 7

What is it called when many simple sugar molecules join together?

Answer 7

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharide molecules are very large. Some polysaccharide molecules contain thousands of sugar molecules joined together in a long chain.

Question 8

Characteristics of monosaccharides

Answer 8

• Very small molecules
• Soluble in water
• Taste sweet

Question 9

Example of a monosaccharide

Answer 9

Glucose

Question 10

Characteristics of disaccharides

Answer 10

• Larger molecules than monosaccharides
• Soluble in water
• Taste sweet

Question 11

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 11

• Sucrose
• Maltose

Question 12

Characteristics of polysaccharides

Answer 12

• Very large molecules
• Most are insoluble in water
• Do not taste sweet

Question 13

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 13

• Cellulose
• Starch
• Glycogen

Question 14

How much energy does 1 gram of carbohydrate release?

Answer 14

17 kJ (kilojoules)

Question 15

Which carbohydrate is used in respiration?

(In animals and plants)

Answer 15

Glucose

Glucose is a monosaccharide.

Question 16

What is the form in which carbohydrate is transported?

(In animals)

Answer 16

Glucose

Glucose is a monosaccharide.

Question 17

Which carbohydrate is dissolved in human blood plasma?

Answer 17

Glucose

Glucose is a monosaccharide.

Question 18

What is the form in which carbohydrate is stored?

(In animals)

Answer 18

Glycogen

Glycogen is a polysaccharide.

Question 19

Where is glycogen stored?

(In animals)

Answer 19

In the cells in the liver and the muscles

Only small quantities of glycogen can be stored.

Question 20

Which carbohydrate do plant cells use to release energy?

Answer 20

Glucose

Glucose is a monosaccharide.

Question 21

What is the form in which carbohydrate is transported?

(In plants)

Answer 21

Sucrose

Sucrose is a disaccharide.

Question 22

How is sucrose transported?

(In plants)

Answer 22

In the phloem

Question 23

Which carbohydrate is used for shoot growth?

(In plants)

Answer 23

Sucrose

Sucrose is a disaccharide.

Question 24

Which carbohydrate is used for root growth?

(In plants)

Answer 24

Sucrose

Sucrose is a disaccharide.

Question 25

Which carbohydrate is used for fruit growth?

(In plants)

Answer 25

Sucrose

Sucrose is a disaccharide.

Question 26

What is the form in which carbohydrate is stored in fruits?

(In plants)

Answer 26

Sucrose

Sucrose is a disaccharide.

Question 27

What is the form in which carbohydrate is stored?

(In plants)

Answer 27

Starch

Starch is a polysaccharide.

Question 28

Where is starch stored?

(In plants)

Answer 28

In the cells in the leaves and roots

Only small quantities of glycogen can be stored.

Question 29

What are plant cell walls made of?

Answer 29

Cellulose

Cellulose is a polysaccharide.