Carbohydrates Flashcards
Carbohydrate molecules and properties
Which elements do carbohydrates contain?
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What are the smaller molecules which carbohydrates are made of?
Monosaccharides
(Simple sugars)
Which carbohydrates are soluble in water?
Sugars are soluble;
polysaccharides are insoluble
Why do organisms need carbohydrates?
Easily available energy (17 kJ/g)
What is the simplest kind of carbohydrate called?
Monosaccharides
(Simple sugars)
Simple sugar molecules are very small.
What is it called when two simple sugar molecules join together?
Disaccharides
(Complex sugars)
Complex sugar molecules are larger than simple sugar molecules.
What is it called when many simple sugar molecules join together?
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharide molecules are very large. Some polysaccharide molecules contain thousands of sugar molecules joined together in a long chain.
Characteristics of monosaccharides
- Very small molecules
- Soluble in water
- Taste sweet
Example of a monosaccharide
Glucose
Characteristics of disaccharides
- Larger molecules than monosaccharides
- Soluble in water
- Taste sweet
Examples of disaccharides
- Sucrose
- Maltose
Characteristics of polysaccharides
- Very large molecules
- Most are insoluble in water
- Do not taste sweet
Examples of polysaccharides
- Cellulose
- Starch
- Glycogen
How much energy does 1 gram of carbohydrate release?
17 kJ (kilojoules)
Which carbohydrate is used in respiration?
(In animals and plants)
Glucose
Glucose is a monosaccharide.
What is the form in which carbohydrate is transported?
(In animals)
Glucose
Glucose is a monosaccharide.
Which carbohydrate is dissolved in human blood plasma?
Glucose
Glucose is a monosaccharide.
What is the form in which carbohydrate is stored?
(In animals)
Glycogen
Glycogen is a polysaccharide.
Where is glycogen stored?
(In animals)
In the cells in the liver and the muscles
Only small quantities of glycogen can be stored.
Which carbohydrate do plant cells use to release energy?
Glucose
Glucose is a monosaccharide.
What is the form in which carbohydrate is transported?
(In plants)
Sucrose
Sucrose is a disaccharide.
How is sucrose transported?
(In plants)
In the phloem
Which carbohydrate is used for shoot growth?
(In plants)
Sucrose
Sucrose is a disaccharide.
Which carbohydrate is used for root growth?
(In plants)
Sucrose
Sucrose is a disaccharide.
Which carbohydrate is used for fruit growth?
(In plants)
Sucrose
Sucrose is a disaccharide.
What is the form in which carbohydrate is stored in fruits?
(In plants)
Sucrose
Sucrose is a disaccharide.
What is the form in which carbohydrate is stored?
(In plants)
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide.
Where is starch stored?
(In plants)
In the cells in the leaves and roots
Only small quantities of glycogen can be stored.
What are plant cell walls made of?
Cellulose
Cellulose is a polysaccharide.
