Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are monomers?
Monomers are the smaller units from which larger molecules (polymers) are made up of
What are polymers?
Larger molecules made up of smaller repeating units (monomers)
What are monosaccharides?
Monomers of Carbohydrates
What are the 3 monosaccharides?
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
What is a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides chemically joined together by a glycosidic bond formed in a condensation reaction.
What are the 3 disaccharides?
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
Which 2 monosaccharides join together to make Maltose + water
Glucose + Glucose
Which two monosaccharides join together to make Lactose + water
Glucose + Galactose
(hint-galactose has the word lactose in it)
Which two monosaccharides join together to make Sucrose + water
Glucose + Fructose
General Formula for Monosaccharides
(CH2O)n
n = 1-7
What is an isomer?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structure
What are the 2 isomers of glucose
Alpha Glucose & Beta Glucose
Alpha Glucose
C6H12O6
Hexose Sugar (hexagon)
Which way is the Hydroxyl group (OH) on alpha glucose
ABBA (Alpha below, Beta above)
Hydroxyl (OH) group on the bottom of Carbon 1 & 4
Hydrogen (H) on top of Carbon 1 & 4
Which way is the Hydroxyl (OH) group on Beta glucose?
ABBA (Alpha below, Beta above)
Hydroxyl group is on top of Carbon 1 on beta glucose (Hydrogen on the bottom)
Hydroxyl group is on the bottom of Carbon 4 (Hydrogen on top)
What is a condensation reaction?
A glycosidic bond forms - alpha (1-4) glycosidic bond
A water molecule is released
Joins 2 molecules together by removing water
Normally catalysed by an enzyme
Polymer molecules made from monomers
Bond formed, H2O removed
What happens when the glycosidic bond forms?
A water molecule is released
via a condensation reaction
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A water molecule is used up
A glycosidic bond breaks
Polymers broken down into monomers
Breaks a chemical bond between 2 molecules and involves the removal of a water molecule
Normally catalysed by an enzyme
Bond broken , H2O added
Anabolic and Catabolic
Anabolic - Making larger molecules from simpler ones
Catabolic - Making smaller molecules from larger ones