Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are the3 types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides = monomers, polysaccharides and disaccharides
Name some monosaccharides
Glucose and fructose and galactose
Name some polysaccharides
Starch glycogen chitin cellulose
Name some disaccharides / dimer
Sucrose lactose maltose
What elements are in carbohydrates
Carbon, hydrogen oxygen
Functions of carbohydrates
Instant energy source, because respiration by glucose and transportables or storage forms of energy and structural materials glycoproteins in cell membranes
3,5,6 carbon molecules = sugar name?
Triose,pentose, hexose
General formula carbohydrates
(CH2O)n
Why is it good that glucose is a polar molecule
Very soluble and transported in blood stream
What are the 2 types of glucose and how are they different
Alpha and beta glucose. They are isomers (same formula but different arrangement in space). In alpha, OH group is below carbon 1 but above carbon 1 in beta
How is water a polar molecule
Oxygen atom has slightly negative charge because it attracts electrons and hydrogen is slightly positive because the electrons move away
Define polar molecule
Slightly uneven distribution of charge across different parts of a molecule leading to no overall charge
Which monosaccharides make up lactose sucrose and maltose
Lactose = galactose + glucose
Sucrose= glucose + fructose
Maltose= glucose + glucose
What happens in a condensation reaction for carbs
Larger molecules form, new covalent glycosidic bond forms and water molecule is removed from smaller molecules being combined
What happens in hydrolysis reaction for carbs
Smaller molecules formed, covalent bond broken, water molecule added from large molecules being broken down