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Biochem > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Mirror image stereoisomers are called _______

A

Enenatiomers

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2
Q

It is the simplest ketose and it does not have a chiral
carbon?

A

dihydroxyacetone

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3
Q

How many chiral carbons that glyceraldehyde have?

A

1

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4
Q

Number of stereoisomers that the fructose has?

A

8

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5
Q

The only non-reducing sugar among disaccharides

A

Sucrose

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6
Q

Which of the following polysugars is classified as homosugar
and a storage polysaccharide in man and animals?

A

Glycogen

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6
Q

The sugar unit of Lactose

A

galactose and glucose

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6
Q

It is the configuration of the glycosidic linkage of sucrose?

A

Ξ±- (1->2)

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7
Q

Polysugar that aims in the formation of normal stools and
helps relieve constipation

A

Cellulose

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8
Q

The only heteropolysaccharides that is non-sulfated is:

A

Hyaluronic acid

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9
Q

Glucose and mannose are epimers at what carbon atom?

A

Carbon - 2

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10
Q

Which simple sugar does starch and glycogen come from?

A

Glucose

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11
Q

Which polysugar is built for rapid glucose storage and is released
when glucose is needed?

A

glycogen

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12
Q

Which of the following is a polysugar/heteropolysaccharide?

A

dermatan sulfate

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13
Q

What are the epimers of glucose?

A

galactose and mannose

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14
Q

This non-reducing sugar has no mutual rotation property

A

sucrose

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15
Q

D-glucoronate and N-acetylglucosamine

A

hyaluronan

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16
Q

This heterosugar is a component of bone cartilage and the cornea

A

chondroitin sulfate

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17
Q

When D-glucose reacts with phenyl hydrazine, a crystalline
compound with a same needle shape is obtained

A

osazones

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17
Q

When glucose gets reduced, it becomes

A

sorbitol

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18
Q

What sugar is abundantly present in honey?

A

fructose

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19
Q

Which of the following is a Fructosan?

A

inulin

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20
Q

sugar that has 6 carbons and ketone group as its
functional group?

A

fructose

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21
Q

Which polysugar is absent in the blood group?

A

mannose

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22
Q

Which of the following is an anticoagulant?

A

heparin

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23
Q

Most ketosis have this ketotriose as their parent
compound

A

Dihydroxyacetone
Dihydroxyacetone or DHA is the simplest ketose
(ketotriose). It is the parent compound of ketosis

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24
Q

A carbon atom to which 4 different groups are
attached to is called a _____ carbon.

A

Chiral
A chiral carbon or an asymmetric carbon atom is a
carbon atom that is attached to 4 different groups.

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25
Q

How many chiral carbons does dihydroxyacetone have?

A

None

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26
Q

If fructose has 3 chiral carbons, how many possible
stereoisomers can it have?

A

8

Formula for stereoisomers is x=2^n
x= 2^3 = 2x2x2 = 8

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27
Q

Epimers of glucose are:

A

Galactose and mannose

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28
Q

________ is an example of nonose (9 carbons).

A

Sialic acid

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29
Q

Mirror image stereoisomers are called ______

A

Enenatiomers

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30
Q

Which sugar is a ketose and is the sweetest sugar?

A

Fructose

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31
Q

A hemiacetal is produced by cyclization between Carbon
5 and carbon number ____.

A

1

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31
Q

When there is oxidation at the aldehyde and alcohol ends
of galactose it becomes?

A

Mucic acid

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32
Q

When glucose gets reduced, it becomes

A

Sorbitol

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33
Q

How many possible stereoisomers can dihydroxyacetone
have?

A

0

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34
Q

When starch gets hydrolyzed at its alpha 1,6 glycosidic
linkage, it produces this disugar

A

Isomaltose

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35
Q

This desugar is used as an osmotic laxative and also in the
management of portal encephalopathy

A

Lactulose

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36
Q

Linkages: Maltose

A

Ξ± 1,4 glycosidic bond

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37
Q

Linkages: Isomaltose

A

Ξ± 1,6 glycosidic linkage

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38
Q

Linkages: Sucrose

A

O-Ξ±-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-Ξ²-D
fructofuranoside

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39
Q

Linkages: Lactose

A

O-Ξ²-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,4)- Ξ² –
glucopyranose

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40
Q

Linkages: Lactulose

A

Ξ²-(1,4) glycosidic bond

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41
Q

This desugar is used as an osmotic laxative and also in the
management of portal encephalopathy

A

Lactulose

41
Q

linkages: Trehalose

A

O- Ξ± -D-glucopyranosyl-(1,1)- Ξ± -Dglucopyranoside

42
Q

used as a nutrient, sweetener, fermentative
reagen

A

maltose

43
Q

obtain from sugar cane, beet root, fruits or
vegetables

A

Sucrose

44
Q
  • used in infant formulations, medium for peniciliin
    production, diluent in pharmaceuticals
A

Lactose

45
Q

Which disugar can’t be reduced because both anomeric
carbons are in glycosidic linkage?

A

Sucrose

46
Q

A beta 1.4 glycosidic linkage is seen in

A

lactose

47
Q

This homosugar is the storage form of sugar in animals and
man and is used to normalize blood sugar levels when
needed.

A

Glycogen

48
Q

Which homosugar is classified as fructosan

A

Inulin

49
Q

Glycogen and starch is
classified as _____________

A

glucosan

50
Q

Agar is classified as ______

A

galactosan

51
Q

Which non-sulfated GAG serves as a lubricant and shock
absorber in joints?

A

Hyaluronic acid

52
Q

D-glucoronate + GalNac are both found in this GAG found
in cartilage and joints

A

Chondroitin sulphate

53
Q

The parent aldose sugar from which most aldoses come
from:

A

GLYCERALDEHYDE

54
Q

Mirror image, stereoisomers are called:

A

ENANTIOMERS

54
Q

How many chiral carbons does the Glyceraldehyde
have?

A

1

55
Q

The number of possible stereoisomers fructose has:

A

8

56
Q

Which simple sugar is a ketose

A

fructose

57
Q

The glycosidic bond in lactose is

A

B-1,4

58
Q

The sugar units in Lactose

A

GALACTOSE AND GLUCOSE

59
Q

Which poly sugar is a homopolysaccharide

A

STARCH

60
Q

Which polysaccharides aids in the formation of normal stool
and relieves constipation?

A

CELLULOSE

61
Q

This heteropolysugar is the only non sulfated
GAG?

A

HYALURONIC ACID

62
Q

Glucose and Galactose are epimers at ?

A

CARBON 4

63
Q

From which simple sugar does starch and glycogen come
from?

A

GLUCOSE

64
Q

Which polysugar is built for rapid glucose storage and is
released when glucose is needed?

A

GLYCOGEN

65
Q

Which only sugar is an example of a GAG?

A

HEPARIN

66
Q

Epimers of glucose

A

GALACTOSE AND MANNOSE .

67
Q

This non-reducing sugar has no mutual rotation
property

A

SUCROSE

68
Q

Glucuronic acid and Acetylglucosamine are found in

A

HYALURONAN

69
Q

This heterosugar is a component of bone cartilage and the
cornea

A

CHONDROITIN SULFATE

70
Q

When the aldehyde group of glucose gets reduced
it becomes

A

SORBITOL

71
Q

When fructose or mannose react with phenyl hydrazine, they form needle-like structures

A

osazones

72
Q

Which of the following is a fructosan?

A

INULIN

73
Q

What sugar is abundantly present in honey?

A

FRUCTOSE

74
Q

. Which of these sugars has 6 carbons and ketone group as
its functional group?

A

FRUCTOSE

75
Q

N-Acetyl Neuramidic Acid (NANA) is

A

AMINO ACID SUGAR

(condensation of amino sugar with Pyruvic Acid or Lactic Acid; NANA is formed from condensation of Pyruvic Acid with N-Acetyl Mannosamine)

76
Q

Which heteroglycan sugar is an anticoagulant?

A

HEPARIN

naturally present in mast cells;

77
Q

Carbon Atom to which 4 different atoms are
attached is called:

A

Chiral or Asymmetric Carbon

78
Q

The simplest carbohydrate that has a chiral
carbon.

A

Glyceraldehyde

79
Q

Mirror Image

A

Enantiomers

80
Q

Non – superimposable

A

Diastereoisomers

81
Q

Sugars differing in configuration at only one
chiral carbon are called?

A

Epimers

82
Q

DHA - chiral carbon

A

None or 0

83
Q

Glyceraldehyde - chiral carbon

A

1 Chiral Carbon

84
Q

Glucose - chiral carbon

A

4

85
Q

How many chiral carbons are there in Ribose?

A

3 Chiral Carbons

86
Q

chiral carbon - . Eyrthrose

A

2

86
Q

linkages : Ξ±,Ξ² – 1,2

A

sucrose

87
Q

linkages : Ξ² – 1,4

A

Cellobiose

88
Q

linkages: Ξ± – 1,4

A

Maltose

89
Q

linkages: Ξ±,Ξ² – 1,2

A

Sucrose

90
Q

linkages: Linear Polysaccharide B – 1,4

A

Cellulose

90
Q

linkages: Ξ² – 1,4

A

Lactose

91
Q

Sugar that has N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine

A

chitin

92
Q

Has Amylopectin:

A

Two possible answers: Dextrin or Starch

93
Q

Main storage form of glucose in man and
animals?

A

Glycogen

94
Q

IdoA + GalNAc – 4s – 6s

A

Dermatan Sulfate

95
Q

Sugar derivatives with antigenic determinants
found in blood groups?

A

Glycoproteins

96
Q

D-glucuronate + GlcNAc

A

Hyaluronic Acid

97
Q

Iduronic acid + glucosamine

A

Heparin

98
Q

D-Galactose + GalNAc – 6 – sulfate

A

Keratan Sulfate

99
Q

Deficient enzyme for Hurler’s syndrome:

A

𝜢 – L – Iduronidase

(GAGS affected are: Dermatan sulfate and Heparan sulfate)

100
Q

Morquio B

A

B – Galactosidase

101
Q

Sly Syndrome

A

B – glucoronidase

101
Q

Morquio A

A

Galactosamine
– 6 – sulfate

Biochem (3 decks)

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