Carbohydrates Flashcards
Identify the building blocks of carbohydrates; describe the functions of carbohydrates
What are the main elements found in carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen usually in a 1:2:1 ratio
What is the name for single, simple sugars containing 3-7 carbon atoms?
Monosaccharides
Name three examples of dietary monosaccharides
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
What is the name for a simple sugar consisting of two combined monosaccharides?
Disaccharide
Name three examples of dietary disaccharides
- Sucrose
- Lactose
- Maltose
What disaccharide is formed when glucose and fructose combine?
Sucrose
What disaccharide is formed when glucose and galactose combine?
Lactose
What disaccharide is formed when two glucose combine?
Maltose
What is the name for combinations of 10+ monosaccharides?
Polysaccharides
What is the main polysaccharide in the human body?
Glycogen
What are the two main dietary polysaccharides?
- Starch
- Cellulose
Name three common artificial sweeteners and how much sweeter they are than sucrose
- Aspartame, 200x
- Saccharin, 400x
- Sucralose, 600x
What is the name of the reaction in which two monosaccharides are joined?
Dehydration synthesis (loss of a water molecule)
What is the name of the reaction which splits disaccharides and polysaccharides back in to monosaccharides?
Hydrolysis
