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Home Ec 2 > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

How and where are carbs formed

A

Carbs are formed in played by a process called ‘photosynthesis’

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2
Q

Equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water + Energy = Glucose + oxygen

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3
Q

Elemental composition of carbs

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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4
Q

Monosaccharide

A

1 sugar - C6H12O6

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5
Q

Disaccharide

A

2 sugars - C12H22O11
(Monosaccharide X2 - H2O)

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6
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Many sugars - (C6H10O5)n

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7
Q

3 monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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8
Q

Source of fructose

A

Fruit/ honey

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9
Q

Source of glucose

A

Fruit

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10
Q

Source of galactose

A

Digested milk

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11
Q

3 disaccharides

A

Sucrose, lactose, maltose

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12
Q

Composition and source of sucrose

A

Glucose + fructose
EG table sugar

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13
Q

Composition and source of lactose

A

Glucose + galactose
EG milk

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14
Q

Composition and source of maltose

A

Glucose + glucose
EG barley

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15
Q

Name 4 properties of sugar

A

Solubility, sweetness, assists aeration, Maillard reaction, caramelisation, crystallization, hydrolysis, inversion

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16
Q

Name 4 properties of starch

A

Insoluble, not sweet, gelatinisation, hydrolysis, modified starch, dextrinisation

17
Q

Name 3 properties of non-starch polysaccharides

A

Cellulose/dietary fiber, gums, pectin

18
Q

Effects of moist heat on carbs

A

Sugar dissolves in hot water=syrup
Gelatinisation
Pectin is extracted from fruit
Cellulose softens

19
Q

Effects of dry heat on carbs

A

Dextrinisation
Caramelisation
Maillard reaction

20
Q

How many calories in 1g of starch

A

4kcals / 17kj

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