Carbohydrates

Question 1

How and where are carbs formed

Answer 1

Carbs are formed in played by a process called ‘photosynthesis’

Question 2

Equation for photosynthesis

Answer 2

6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water + Energy = Glucose + oxygen

Question 3

Elemental composition of carbs

Answer 3

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 4

Monosaccharide

Answer 4

1 sugar - C6H12O6

Question 5

Disaccharide

Answer 5

2 sugars - C12H22O11
(Monosaccharide X2 - H2O)

Question 6

Polysaccharide

Answer 6

Many sugars - (C6H10O5)n

Question 7

3 monosaccharides

Answer 7

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 8

Source of fructose

Answer 8

Fruit/ honey

Question 9

Source of glucose

Answer 9

Fruit

Question 10

Source of galactose

Answer 10

Digested milk

Question 11

3 disaccharides

Answer 11

Sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 12

Composition and source of sucrose

Answer 12

Glucose + fructose
EG table sugar

Question 13

Composition and source of lactose

Answer 13

Glucose + galactose
EG milk

Question 14

Composition and source of maltose

Answer 14

Glucose + glucose
EG barley

Question 15

Name 4 properties of sugar

Answer 15

Solubility, sweetness, assists aeration, Maillard reaction, caramelisation, crystallization, hydrolysis, inversion

Question 16

Name 4 properties of starch

Answer 16

Insoluble, not sweet, gelatinisation, hydrolysis, modified starch, dextrinisation

Question 17

Name 3 properties of non-starch polysaccharides

Answer 17

Cellulose/dietary fiber, gums, pectin

Question 18

Effects of moist heat on carbs

Answer 18

Sugar dissolves in hot water=syrup
Gelatinisation
Pectin is extracted from fruit
Cellulose softens

Question 19

Effects of dry heat on carbs

Answer 19

Dextrinisation
Caramelisation
Maillard reaction

Question 20

How many calories in 1g of starch

Answer 20

4kcals / 17kj