carbohydrates Flashcards
What are carbohydrates?
Sugars, polyhydroxylated aldehydes and ketones
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugars, monomers, name ends in -ose
What are disaccharides and polysaccharides?
Complex sugars with 2 or more units linked
What is the difference between an L or D sugar?
OH on the carbon of the glyceraldehyde is on the right or left
Left= L sugar
Right= D sugar
What is unique about D sugars?
They are naturally made
What compound builds all sugars?
D-glyceraldehyde
What carbon do we look at to determine D or L status?
The carbon sterocenter at the bottom of the fisher projection or furthest from the carbonyl
What to Haworth projections show us?
Cyclic form of hemiacetal
What are anomers?
Sugar diasteromers
What is the anomeric carbon?
Carbon that was attacked by the OH group and forms the new steer center to determine D or L status
What occurs in glycotal formation?
Glycosides (sugar acetals) are formed. Combination of two monomers
How are disaccharides formed?
Hemiacetal of one sugar forms an acetal with an alcohol (OH) of another sugar to forma glycoside bond
