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Biochem > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Monosaccharides are simple sugars that consist of a _______ unit.

A

single polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone

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2
Q

What is the name of this molecule that is an aldehyde with 3 carbons and 2 hydroxyl groups.

A

glyceraldehyde or aldotriose

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3
Q

What is the name of this molecule that is a ketone with 3 carbons and 2 hydroxyl groups.

A

dihydroxyacetone or ketotriose

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4
Q

What is the name of this molecule that is an aldehyde with 6 carbons and 5 hydroxyl groups.

A

D-glucose or aldohexose

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5
Q

What is the name of this molecule that is a ketone with 6 carbons and 5 hydroxyl groups.

A

D-fructose or a ketohexose

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6
Q

What is the name of this molecule that is an aldehyde with 5 carbons and 4 hydroxyl groups.

A

D-ribose or aldopentose

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7
Q

What is the name of this molecule that is a ketone with 5 carbons and 4 hydroxyl groups.

A

2-deoxy-D-ribose or aldopentose

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8
Q

What is the name of this molecule that is an aldehyde with 6 carbons and 5 hydroxyl groups. Is it L or D confi.

A

D-glucose

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9
Q

What is the reference carbon?

A

carbon 5

Remember the reference carbon is the chiral carbon that is the furthest away from the carbonyl group.

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10
Q

What does this picture tell you?

A

That D-mannose and and D-glucose are epimers at C2.

Remember epimers are sugars that have the same structure but differ by the L/D position of the hydroxyl group.

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11
Q

What does this picture tell you?

A

D-glucose and D-galactose differ at C4

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12
Q

What’s an anomeric carbon

A

is a carbon between 2 oxygen groups

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13
Q

what is the anomeric carbon in this molecule?

A

did you find it?

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14
Q

Is the anomeric carbon alpha or beta? How can you tell the difference?

A

it’s a beta carbon because the -OH is pointing upwards. If the -OH is pointing downwards, then it would be an alpha carbon.

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15
Q

T/F The alpha conformation is more stable than the beta conformation of an anomeric carbon.

A

False

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16
Q

Name this molecule

A

furan

17
Q

Name this molecule

A

pyran

18
Q

Is this a hemiacetal or an acetal?

A

hemiacetal because the anomeric carbon is bonded to an ether group and a hydroxy group.

19
Q

Which of the following allomeric carbons is an acetal?

A

the first arrowed carbon.

20
Q

Which of the following is NOT true regarding this molecule.
a) Two glucose molecules form a maltose molecule via condensation reaction.
b) A maltose molecule can be converted back into two glucose molecules via hydrolysis reaction.
c) The reducing end in this molecule is pointed by the first arrow.
d) The glycosidic bond is formed from the acetal of one glucose molecule and the hydroxyl group of the other glucose molecule.
e) more than one answer is false.

A

e

21
Q

Ologosaccharides are short chains of monosaccharides units joined by
a) hydrogen bonds
b) ester bonds
c) glycosidic bonds
d) amide bonds

A

c

22
Q

T/F Disaccharides are oligosaccharides with 3 monomeric units.

A

False. Two

23
Q

Which of the following is true?
a) two glucose molecules form maltose.
b) one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule form maltose
c) one fructose molecule and one glucose molecule form lactose
d) one galactose molecule and one fructose molecule form sucrose.

A

a

Remember:
- two glucose molecule form maltose
- one glucose and one fructose form sucrose
- one glucose and one galactose form lactose

24
Q

What are the subunits and type of linkage (alpha/beta) of this molecule? Does it have a reducing end?

A

subunits: maltose
linkage: alpha
It has a reducing end

25
Q

T/F Homopolysaccharides are polysaccharides that contains different subunits.

A

False, they contain the same subunit.

26
Q

Polysaccharides are sugar polymers with _____ or more monosaccharide units.

A

10

27
Q

T/F Cellulose is an example of a linear polysaccharide whereas glycogen is an example of a branched polysaccharide.

A

True

28
Q

How are carbohydrates linked to polypeptide chains?

A
  1. O-glycan - which means carbohydrates are liked through the OH of serine or threonine
  2. N-glycan - which means carbohydrates are linked through the amino group of asparagine.
29
Q

Polymer of alpha 1→4 linked glucose subunits with alpha 1→6 branches

A

glycogen

30
Q

Long unbranched D-Glucose residue with alpha 1→4

A

starch

31
Q

Polymer of beta 1→4 D-Glucose linked units

A

Cellulose

32
Q
A

Biochem (12 decks)

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