Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the monomer of carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
What is a disaccharide
The joining of 2 monosaccharides through a condensation reaction involving the elimination of water
What are the three disaccharides
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
What are the three monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What is a polysaccharide
The joining of several monosaccharides together through a condensation reaction
What is an isomer
Two compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different molecular structure
What are the two isomers of glucose
A glucose
B glucose
What is maltose made of
2 glucose molecules
What is sucrose made of
One glucose and one fructose molecule
Wha5 is lactose made of
One glucose and one galactose molecule
What are the three polymers
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
What is the structure of starch
It has two polysaccharides :amylose and amylopectin
Amylose is unbranched and has 1-4 glycosidic bond
It can coil so it is compact
Amylopectin is branched and has 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
It increase the surface area
What is the function of starch
Insoluble so the water potential doesn’t chain
Used as a energy storage molecule
Can be hydrolysed to release glucose for respiration
What is the structure of glycogen
It has branched chain with lots of side branches
1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bond
What are the functions of Glycogen
Lots of branches increase surface area for enzymes to hydrolyse glycosidic bonds
Release glucose quickly
Compact molecule so good as an energy store
Animals store glycogen (extra glucose )in the liver and muscle
Glycogen is readily accessible
