Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the monomer of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharide

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2
Q

What is a disaccharide

A

The joining of 2 monosaccharides through a condensation reaction involving the elimination of water

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3
Q

What are the three disaccharides

A

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

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4
Q

What are the three monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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5
Q

What is a polysaccharide

A

The joining of several monosaccharides together through a condensation reaction

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6
Q

What is an isomer

A

Two compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different molecular structure

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7
Q

What are the two isomers of glucose

A

A glucose
B glucose

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8
Q

What is maltose made of

A

2 glucose molecules

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9
Q

What is sucrose made of

A

One glucose and one fructose molecule

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10
Q

Wha5 is lactose made of

A

One glucose and one galactose molecule

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11
Q

What are the three polymers

A

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

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12
Q

What is the structure of starch

A

It has two polysaccharides :amylose and amylopectin
Amylose is unbranched and has 1-4 glycosidic bond
It can coil so it is compact
Amylopectin is branched and has 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
It increase the surface area

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13
Q

What is the function of starch

A

Insoluble so the water potential doesn’t chain
Used as a energy storage molecule
Can be hydrolysed to release glucose for respiration

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14
Q

What is the structure of glycogen

A

It has branched chain with lots of side branches
1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bond

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15
Q

What are the functions of Glycogen

A

Lots of branches increase surface area for enzymes to hydrolyse glycosidic bonds
Release glucose quickly
Compact molecule so good as an energy store
Animals store glycogen (extra glucose )in the liver and muscle
Glycogen is readily accessible

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16
Q

What is the structure of cellulose

A

Polymer
Made up of b-glucose monosaccharides
Long unbranched straight chains
1-4 glycosidic bonds
Chains are linked together by hydrogen bonds between the glucose molecules in each chain to form thicker fibres called microfibrils