Carbohydrates Flashcards
what are carbohydrates?
include sugars and polymers of sugars
What is the simplest carbohydrate?
monosaccharide
What’s the formula for monosaccharides?
C H2 O
What are the most common monosaccharides
What is their formula?
glucose
C6 H12 O6
How many forms can glucose exist?
what are they?
what’s the difference
two
alpha and beta glucose
The hydroxyl group on Carbon atom 1
How are disaccharides formed?
what bonds do they form?
a condensation reaction between two hydroxyl groups
a GLYCOSIDIC BOND between 2 monosaccharides
What is maltose?
what reaction does it use?
what is it made of?
where is it found?
disaccharides
condensation
2 alpha glucose
wheat, barley
What is sucrose?
what reaction does it use?
what is it made of?
where is it found?
Disaccharides
condensation
alpha glucose-fructose
household sugar
What is lactose?
what reaction does it use?
what is it made of?
where is it found?
disaccharide
condensation
galactose and β glucose
milk of most mammals
Whats a polysacharide
Whats the function
polymers of sugars
storage and structural roles
Whats starch?
what is made of?
a polysaccharide,
made from lots of alpha glucose molecules joined together forming long chains
is glucose soluble ?
yes
is starch soluble?
no
Whats glucose used for by cells?
to provide energy in respiration
Whats starch used for ?
store glucose within the cells of plants
Whats the two ploysachirdes starch is made from ?
What are their features?
AMYLOSE : Straight Chain polymer -Forms a helix for maximum compact storage
AMYLOPECTIN:-Branched polymer -Maximum surface area for enzyme action
What is glycogen?
what is it used for
what is it made of?
a polysaccharide
a reserve energy storage in animal cells
branched chains of alpha glucose
What is cellulose?
what is it used for?
What makes it different from starch?
Polysaccharides
a major component of the tough wall of plant cells
ring forms of alpha and beta glucose
How are monosacharides classafied ?
number of carbon atoms
location of carbonyl group
What is the structure of a polysaccharide determined of ?
sugar monomer and position of glycosidic links
How is the structure of cellulose related to its function?
β-glucose monomers arranged in straight chains. -Chains are joined together by hydrogen bonds. -Provides strength and structure.
Identify two similarities between starch and glycogen.
both made from alpha glucose
used for energy storage
