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Term 1/ Week 4 > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

what are carbohydrates?

A

include sugars and polymers of sugars

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2
Q

What is the simplest carbohydrate?

A

monosaccharide

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3
Q

What’s the formula for monosaccharides?

A

C H2 O

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4
Q

What are the most common monosaccharides

What is their formula?

A

glucose

C6 H12 O6

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5
Q

How many forms can glucose exist?

what are they?

what’s the difference

A

two

alpha and beta glucose

The hydroxyl group on Carbon atom 1

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6
Q

How are disaccharides formed?

what bonds do they form?

A

a condensation reaction between two hydroxyl groups

a GLYCOSIDIC BOND between 2 monosaccharides

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7
Q

What is maltose?

what reaction does it use?

what is it made of?

where is it found?

A

disaccharides

condensation

2 alpha glucose

wheat, barley

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8
Q

What is sucrose?

what reaction does it use?

what is it made of?

where is it found?

A

Disaccharides

condensation

alpha glucose-fructose

household sugar

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9
Q

What is lactose?

what reaction does it use?

what is it made of?

where is it found?

A

disaccharide

condensation

galactose and β glucose

milk of most mammals

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10
Q

Whats a polysacharide
Whats the function

A

polymers of sugars
storage and structural roles

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11
Q

Whats starch?
what is made of?

A

a polysaccharide,

made from lots of alpha glucose molecules joined together forming long chains

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12
Q

is glucose soluble ?

A

yes

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13
Q

is starch soluble?

A

no

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14
Q

Whats glucose used for by cells?

A

to provide energy in respiration

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15
Q

Whats starch used for ?

A

store glucose within the cells of plants

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16
Q

Whats the two ploysachirdes starch is made from ?

What are their features?

A

AMYLOSE : Straight Chain polymer -Forms a helix for maximum compact storage

AMYLOPECTIN:-Branched polymer -Maximum surface area for enzyme action

17
Q

What is glycogen?
what is it used for
what is it made of?

A

a polysaccharide

a reserve energy storage in animal cells

branched chains of alpha glucose

18
Q

What is cellulose?

what is it used for?

What makes it different from starch?

A

Polysaccharides

a major component of the tough wall of plant cells

ring forms of alpha and beta glucose

19
Q

How are monosacharides classafied ?

A

number of carbon atoms
location of carbonyl group

20
Q

What is the structure of a polysaccharide determined of ?

A

sugar monomer and position of glycosidic links

21
Q

How is the structure of cellulose related to its function?

A

β-glucose monomers arranged in straight chains. -Chains are joined together by hydrogen bonds. -Provides strength and structure.

22
Q

Identify two similarities between starch and glycogen.

A

both made from alpha glucose

used for energy storage

Term 1/ Week 4 (8 decks)

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