Carbohydrates Flashcards
Carbohydrates
S and S
Sugars and starches
- CHO
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
carbohydrates form these kinds of bonds
Forms covalent bonds, single or double
Means sugar
Saccharides
Simplest kind of carbohydrate, ONE SUGAR
Monosaccharide
MORE THAN 1 SUGAR
Polysaccharide
From carbon to carbon, consist of a covalent bond. It is impossible to break down, even with the hydrolysis.
Carbon (backbone)
Usually clockwise count for carbon
Linear
Carbonyl group on the TERMINAL END
ALDOSE
Carbonyl group in the middle
KETOSE
Naming sugars
6-carbon sugars
Hexose
Naming sugars
9-carbon sugars
Nanose
Naming sugars
5-carbon sugars
Pentose
Serve as raw material for synthesis of other types of small organic materials
Carbon skeletons
5 major kinds of Monosaccharide (GFGRD)
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Ribose, Deoxyribose
Combination of 2 monosaccharides
Disaccharide
glucose + fructose
sucrose (table sugar - sweet)
glucose + glucose
maltose (malt)
glucose + galactose
lactose (dairy products)
enzyme that breaks down dairy products
LACTASE
Polysaccharide: Storage
Starch, Glycogen
Polysaccharide: Structural
o Cellulose
o Polymer of glucose monomers
o Joined by 1-4 linkage
o Within cellular structures known as plastid
o Simplest form - amylose
Starch
o Liver
o Muscle cells
o Fat cells
o Systemic and cellular energy source
Glycogen
o A major component of the tough walls that enclose plant cells
o Fiber
o Most abundant organic compound on earth
o Cellulase (enzyme)
Cellulose
o Major constituent in the exoskeleton (shrimp, lobster)
o Arthropods
o Cell walls of fungi
o Chitinase
Chitin
they have cellulase (animals that are herbivore ex: cow, goats, carabao)
Ruminants
