Carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
Where are carbohydrates found?
A
- Mostly plant based
- Milk
- Glycogen in meat
2
Q
How many calories in one gram of carbohydrate?
A
4 calories.
3
Q
What are the 2 types of monosaccharides?
A
Glucose and fructose.
4
Q
What are the different types of polymers of carbohydrates?
A
- Glycogen
- Starch
- Fibers
5
Q
Explain lactose in detail.
A
- Found in milk
- Is a disaccharide
- Broken down by enzymes called lactase
- Digested in small intestine
6
Q
Name the complications of metabolic syndrome.
A
- Insulin resistance
- High blood lipid levels
- Cardiovascular disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- Cancer
- Chronic hypertension
7
Q
What happens when we eat carbohydrates?
A
- Monosaccharides absorbed in blood.
- Transformed into glucose in liver.
- Release of insulin, allowing glucose to enter cell body.
- Glycolysis, glucose becomes pyruvants.
- Action of cellular respiration with water and oxygen, making 36 ATP every glucose molecule.
8
Q
What happens when there is too much glucose?
A
- Liver detects levels of blood glucose in blood.
- Transforms excess into glycogen
- When glycogen storage is full, glucose transforms into lipids (fatty acids and triglycerides
9
Q
What happens when we have to little glucose?
A
- Secretion of glucagon from pancreas releasing glucose from glycogen
- gluconeogenisis (break of triglycerides and amino acids)
