Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is a polymer?
A large, complex molecule composed of long chains of monomers joined together
What is a monomer
A small, basic molecular unit
Give three examples of monomers
- Monosaccharides
- Amino acids
- Nucleotides
All carbohydrates contain what elements?
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
Give three examples of monosaccharides
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
What is glucose?
Glucose is a hexose sugar - a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms in each molecule
What are the two types of glucose?
- Alpha glucose
- Beta glucose
What is a condensation reaction?
A condensation reaction is when two molecules join together with the formation of a new chemical bond, and a water molecules released when the bond is formed
How do monosaccharides join together?
Condensation reactions
What bond joins two monosaccharides together?
Glycosidic bonds
What is formed when two monosaccharides join together?
A disaccharide
Give three examples of disaccharides
- Glucose + Glucose = Maltose
- Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
- Glucose + Galactose = Lactose
How are polymers broken down?
Hydrolysis reactions
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A hydrolysis reaction breaks the chemical bond between monomers using a water molecule
How do you test for a sugar?
Benedict’s test