Carbohydrates Flashcards
what is a monosaccharide?
a single sugar unit.
are glucose molecules polar?
yes
why is solubility of glucose in water important?
it means glucose is dissolved in the cytosol of the cell.
what bond is formed between two glucose molecules?
glycosidic - covalent.
what are the examples of hexose monosaccharides?
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose
what are the examples of disaccharides?
- sucrose
- maltose
- lactose
which monosaccharides form maltose?
two glucose molecules.
which monosaccharides form sucrose?
glucose and fructose
which monosaccharide forms lactose?
glucose and galactose.
what are the examples of pentose monosaccharides?
- ribose (RNA nucleotides)
- deoxyribose (DNA nucleotides.)
which polysaccharides make up starch?
- amylose
- amylopectin
how is glucose made in plants stored?
as starch.
which bonds are found in amylose?
1-4 glycosidic bonds
which bonds are found in amylopectin?
1-4 glycosidic bonds AND 1-6 glycosidic bonds
what is the storage molecule in animals?
glycogen
what are the key properties of amylopectin and glycogen?
- insoluble
- branched
- compact
why is it good for storage molecules to be branched?
it is more compact so less space for it to be stored. many free ends where glucose molecules can be added or removed so speeds up processes.
is cellulose made up of beta or alpha glucose?
beta glucose
how is cellulose formed?
beta glucose hydroxl groups are too far from each other. the glucose must be flipped and this forms a straight chain molecule which is strong.
what types of bonds do cellulose molecules make with one another?
hydrogen bonds
