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Biological Molecules DONE > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a monosaccharide?

A

a single sugar unit.

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2
Q

are glucose molecules polar?

A

yes

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3
Q

why is solubility of glucose in water important?

A

it means glucose is dissolved in the cytosol of the cell.

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4
Q

what bond is formed between two glucose molecules?

A

glycosidic - covalent.

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5
Q

what are the examples of hexose monosaccharides?

A
  • glucose
  • fructose
  • galactose
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6
Q

what are the examples of disaccharides?

A
  • sucrose
  • maltose
  • lactose
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7
Q

which monosaccharides form maltose?

A

two glucose molecules.

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8
Q

which monosaccharides form sucrose?

A

glucose and fructose

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9
Q

which monosaccharide forms lactose?

A

glucose and galactose.

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10
Q

what are the examples of pentose monosaccharides?

A
  • ribose (RNA nucleotides)
  • deoxyribose (DNA nucleotides.)
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11
Q

which polysaccharides make up starch?

A
  • amylose
  • amylopectin
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12
Q

how is glucose made in plants stored?

A

as starch.

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13
Q

which bonds are found in amylose?

A

1-4 glycosidic bonds

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14
Q

which bonds are found in amylopectin?

A

1-4 glycosidic bonds AND 1-6 glycosidic bonds

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15
Q

what is the storage molecule in animals?

A

glycogen

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16
Q

what are the key properties of amylopectin and glycogen?

A
  • insoluble
  • branched
  • compact
17
Q

why is it good for storage molecules to be branched?

A

it is more compact so less space for it to be stored. many free ends where glucose molecules can be added or removed so speeds up processes.

18
Q

is cellulose made up of beta or alpha glucose?

A

beta glucose

19
Q

how is cellulose formed?

A

beta glucose hydroxl groups are too far from each other. the glucose must be flipped and this forms a straight chain molecule which is strong.

20
Q

what types of bonds do cellulose molecules make with one another?

A

hydrogen bonds

Biological Molecules DONE (11 decks)

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