ATP Flashcards
what are the three main types of activity which cells needenergy for?
- synthesis
- transport
- movement.
which molecule supplies cells with energy?
adenosine triphosphate.
what is ATP composed of?
- a nitrogenous base
- a pentose sugar
- three phosphate groups
what is the sugar in ATP?
ribose
how is ATP different to RNA?
- the base fo ATP is always adenine.
- ATP has three phosphate heads rather than one.
how doed ATP release energy?
energy needed to break bonds and released when bonds are formed. A small amount of energy is needed to break the relatively weak bond holding the last phosphate group in ATP. a large amount of energy is then released when the liberated phosphate undergoes other reactions involving bond formation. more energy is released than used.
what is the equation for hydrolysis of ATP?
ATP + H20 –> ADP + Pi + energy
why is ATP not a good long term energy store?
- instability of phosphate bonds in ATP
- fats and carbhohydrates are better.
what energy is used to create ATP?
the energy released in the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats.
how is ATP phosphorylated?
phosphate is reattached to an ADP molecule.
what kind of reaction is the phosphorylation of ATP?
condensation reaction.
why is ATP a good immediate energy store?
ATP is rapidly reformed the interconversion of ATP and ADP is happening constantly within cells so cells do not need a large store of ATP.
what are the properties of ATP?
- small
- water soluble
- contains bonds between phosphates with intermediate energy. this means they are large enough to be usefulfor cellular reactions but not so large at energy is wasted as heat.
- releases energy in small quantities which are suitable to most cellular needs so that energy is not wasted as heat.
- easily regenerated so it can be recharged with energy.
