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Biochemistry > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Which does not apply to dihydroxyacetone
a. ketose
b. triose
c. chiral
d. water-soluble

A

c. chiral

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2
Q

Which is true about naturally occurring monosaccharides?
a. The L-isomers predominate.
b. The D-isomers predominate.
c. The L and D-isomers occur in equal ratios.
d. The ratio of L and D-isomers varies widely depending on the source.

A

b. The D-isomers predominate.

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3
Q

The intramolecular cyclization reaction of glucose in solution ___________________.
a. generates a chiral center
b. yields a hemiacetal
c. usually forms a pyranose
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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4
Q

The compounds Alpha-D-fructofuranose and Beta·-D-fructofuranose are _____________.
a. enantiomers
b. mutamers
c. anomers
d. conformational isomers

A

c. anomers

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5
Q

Anomers can be interconverted ______________.
a. by rotation about carbon-carbon bonds
b. via a linear intermediate
c. by an isotopic exchange reaction
d. None of the above. Anomers cannot be interconverted.

A

b. via a linear intermediate

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6
Q

In solution a-D-glucose and a-D-glucose _____________.
a. rapidly polymerize to form a heteropolymer
b. can never exist together
c. form a racemic mixture
d. form an equilibrium mixture

A

d. form an equilibrium mixture

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7
Q

Pyranose rings are usually most stable when the ring adopts a ________ conformation with the bulkiest ring substituents in __________ positions.
a. chair; equatorial
b. chair; axial
c. boat; equatorial
d. boat; axial

A

a. chair; equatorial

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8
Q

What type of bond links the monomers of a polysaccharide?
a. glucotide bond
b. phosphate ester bond
c. peptide bond
d. glycosidic bond

A

d. glycosidic bond

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9
Q

The chemical name for table sugar is ___________ and it is a _________.
a. lactose; monosaccharide
b. lactose; disaccharide
c. sucrose; monosaccharide
d. sucrose; disaccharide

A

d. sucrose; disaccharide

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10
Q

Hydrolysis of maltose will yield ________.
a. glucose and galactose
b. fructose and glucose
c. glucose and mannose
d. glucose only

A

d. glucose only

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11
Q

The 3 letter abbreviation for glucose is _______.
a. Glu
b. Gcs
c. Glc
d. Gluc

A

c. Glc

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12
Q

A monosaccharide with a glycosidic bond to an alcohol, amine or thiol is referred to as a/an ____________.
a. aglycone
b. glycoprotein
c. heteroglycan
d. glucoconjugate

A

a. aglycone

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13
Q

A reducing sugar is one that ______.
a. is a monosaccharide
b. has reacted anomeric carbon
c. has free anomeric carbon
d. a and c
e. b and c

A

c. has free anomeric carbon

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14
Q

Compounds formed when glycosidic bonds form between sugars are called:
a. Nucleosides
b. Nucleotides
c. Aglycones
d. Glycosides
e. All of the above

A

d. Glycosides

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15
Q

Naturally occurring glycosides have roles in cells which include:
a. Subunits of DNA
b. Chemical signals to plants
c. Food flavoring
d. Units in cell membrane structure
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

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16
Q

Polysaccharide structure can be varied by differences in ______________.
a. Chain length (number of sugars in each polysaccharide)
b. The kind(s) of sugars in each polysaccharides
c. The presence of branching
d. a, b, and c
e. a and b only

A

d. a, b, and c

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17
Q

Amylose is different from amyolopectin because it is ____________.
a. Composed of glucose residues
b. It has more glucose residues
c. It is highly branched
d. It is unbranched
e. It contains no three dimensional structure

A

d. It is unbranched

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18
Q

Both amylose and amylopectin molecules isolated from plant cells can contain as much as _____ glucose residues.
a. 24-30
b. 500
c. 1000
d. 2000
e. 6000

A

c. 1000

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19
Q

Enzymes in the human intestine which are needed to degrade plant starch into limit dextrin are _________.
a. Alpha-Amylase
b. Beta-Amylase
c. Debranching enzymes
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c

A

d. a and b

20
Q

Beta-Amylase is a hydrolase which ___________.
a. Is an endonuclease
b. Is an endoglycosidase
c. Is an exonuclease
d. Is an exoglycosidase which removes maltose
e. Is an exoglycosidase which removes glucose monomers

A

d. Is an exoglycosidase which removes maltose

21
Q

Glycogen and starch are similar except
a. Each may contain 6000 glucose residues
b. Each has one reducing end and many nonreducing ends
c. glycogen is highly branched
d. Each are composed of maltose subunits
e. Each has branches of similar chain length

A

c. glycogen is highly branched

22
Q

Maltose and cellobiose are different structurally because _____________.
a. One is in cellulose and the other in starch
b. One is linear and the other is branched
c. The glycoside bond is different
d. The subunit sugars are not glucose for both
e. All of the above

A

c. The glycoside bond is different

23
Q

Cellulose is not highly branched because it _______.
a. Does not have a polysaccharide backbone
b. It does not have alpha-(1–>4) linkages
c. It does not have beta·-(1–>4) linkages
d. It is insoluble in water
e. Forms bundles

A

b. It does not have alpha-(1–>4) linkages

24
Q

Chitin is _______________.
a. Found in insect and crustacean shells
b. Found in fungi cell walls
c. Composed of N-acetylglucosamine subunits
d. Composed of linear fibrils like cellulose
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

25
Q

In the structural model of cartilage, __________ bind noncovalently to _______ and core proteins.
a. Collagen; link proteins
b. Collagen; hyaluronic acid
c. Link proteins; hyaluronic acid
d. Decorin; collagen
e. Link proteins; keratin sulfate

A

c. Link proteins; hyaluronic acid

26
Q

The bacterial cell wall is sensitive to penicillin because it _______________.
a. Blocks the linkage of the MurNAc and GlcNAc subunits
b. Blocks the pentaglycine bridge cross linkage
c. Binds to an enzyme which recognizes D-alanine-D-alanine dipeptide
d. Is not attacked by enzymes in animal cells
e. All of the above

A

c. Binds to an enzyme which recognizes D-alanine-D-alanine dipeptide

27
Q

______________ contain NeuNAc residues and sulfated sugars, and their negative charges contribute to the viscosity of mucins.
a. Proteoglycans
b. N-linked polysaccharides
c. O-linked polysaccharides
d. Hyaluronic acid
e. All of the above

A

c. O-linked

28
Q

The Fischer projections of linear D-glucose and D-galactose. These two molecules are _____________.
a. epimers
b. enantiomers
c. anomers
d. structural (constitutional) isomers

A

a. epimers

29
Q

The structures of D-ribose and D-arabinose . These two molecules are
a. structural configurations
b. enantiomers
c. diastereomers
d. anomers

A

c. diastereomers

30
Q

The simplest aldose is the chiral molecule glyceraldehyde.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

31
Q

All D-enantiomers of carbohydrates are dextrorotatory.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

32
Q

The ketohexoses have fewer chiral carbon atoms than the aldohexoses.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

33
Q

The reaction between one molecule of alcohol and one molecule of an aldehyde yields an acetal.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

34
Q

Steric strain is a major factor in determining the conformations of a monosaccharide that predominate in solution.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

35
Q

In solution only one anomeric form of a monosaccharide will be present.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

36
Q

Vitamin C is an enediol of a lactone and a sugar acid, that is vital in the synthesis of collagen.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

37
Q

The sugar derivative found in DNA is an oxidized form of ribose.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

38
Q

Both nucleotides and nucleosides are glycosides.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

39
Q

For cows, cellulose may be a storage homoglycan.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

40
Q

The main difference between structures of amylopectin and glycogen is the specific sugar subunit.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

41
Q

Homoglycans are used for storage, while heteroglycans are used for cell structure.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

42
Q

Alpha-amylases hydrolyze Alpha -(1–>4) linkages and ·-amylases hydrolyze Alpha -(1–>4) linkages, but neither attack Alpha -(1–>6) linkages.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

43
Q

Enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose cannot hydrolyze amylopectin.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

44
Q

Cellulose cannot be degraded in cattle (e.g., Cows).
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

45
Q

Heteroglycan chains may or may not be covalently bound to proteins in proteoglycans.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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