carbohydrates

Question 1

monosaccharides

Answer 1

• properties: taste sweet & is soluble in water
• all monosaccharides are reducing sugars
• glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 2

disaccharide

Answer 2

• carbohydrates made of 2 monosaccharides combined together
• properties: soluble in water
• sucrose= glucose & fructose
• lactose= glucose & galactose
• maltose = glucose & glucose
• condensation reaction: a molecule of water is removed when 2 monosaccharides combine
• the bond formed between monosaccharides –>glycosidic bond

Sucrose:

• not a reducing sugar
• transported in phloem from leaves to stems/roots/carbohydrate storage sites

Maltose:
- found in germinating barley

Lactose:
- found in mammals

Question 3

polysaccharide

Answer 3

• built from many monosaccharide molecules condensed together
• structural support and storage biomolecules
• property: insoluble
  e. g. starch, cellulose and glycogen

starch:

• made of amylose chains and amylopectin chains
• each chain has thousands of glucose molecules
• each chain forms a helix molecule–> makes the molecules compact and insoluble
• water potential of cell is not changed and can be stored in cells
• major storage carbohydrate in most storage organs of plants
• can be broken down to form glucose readily to provide energy
  role: form of storage in plants, when need can be digested to glucose to provide energy
• found in storage organs of plants

glycogen:

• a highly branched molecule are up of many glucose molecules
• form of storage in mammals, when need can be digested to glucose to provide energy
• stored in liver and muscles of mammals