Carbohydrates (1.1)

Question 1

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 1

carbohydrate with one sugar unit

Question 2

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 2

A carbohydrate with two sugar units

Question 3

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates with many sugar units

Question 4

In what type of reaction do disaccharides form from monosaccharides, and what type of bind is created?

Answer 4

Condensation reaction (loses water), glycosidic bond

Question 5

Give three examples of disaccharides you need to know and their sub units

Answer 5

• Maltose- two alpha glucose
• Sucrose- glucose and fructose
• Lactose- Beta glucose and galactose

Question 6

What structure do Alpha and Beta glucose have (shape wise) and how are they different?

Answer 6

• Both hexose sugars

* OH groups on Beta glucose are on opposite sides of the molecule, whilst they are on the same side in Alpha glucose

Question 7

What type of structure does ribose have (shape wise)?

Answer 7

Pentose sugar

Question 8

Describe the relevant features of the polysaccharide starch (amylose), its sub units and where it is found/ its use

Answer 8

• Alpha glucose sub units
• 1,4 glycosidic bonds
• Coiled (due to hydrogen bonding)
• Unbranched
• Compact, slow release energy store in plants

Question 9

Describe the relevant features of the polysaccharide starch (amylopectin), its sub units and where it is found/ its use

Answer 9

• Alpha glucose sub units
• 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
• Uncoiled
• Branched
• Fast release energy store in plants, as it is quick to break down due to branching

Question 10

Describe the relevant features of the polysaccharide glycogen, its sub units and where it is found/ its use

Answer 10

• Alpha glucose sub units
• 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
• Uncoiled
• Branched (more frequently than amylopectin)
• Fast release energy store in animals, found in muscles and the liver

Question 11

Describe the relevant features of the polysaccharide cellulose, its sub units and where it is found/ its use

Answer 11

• Beta glucose sub units
• 1,4 glycosidic bonds
• Uncoiled
• Not branched but crosslink due to hydrogen bonds, forming microfibrils
• Units invert when joined
• Provides Strength and is the main structure in a plant cell wall