Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are the 4 major families of organic molecule?

Answer 1

• Proteins
• Nucleic acids
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids

Question 2

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Hydrated carbon

Question 3

What are the 3 main classes of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

• Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
• Oligosaccharides (short chains of monosaccharide units)
• Polysaccharides (Sugar polymers containing 20+ monosaccharide units)

Question 4

What does ‘ose’ at the end of a word imply?

Answer 4

It’s a sugar

Question 5

What is the hydroxyl functional group?

Answer 5

R - OH

Question 6

What is the aldehyde functional group?

Answer 6

R - COH

Question 7

What is the ketone functional group?

Answer 7

R - CO - R’

Question 8

What are isomers?

Answer 8

Same molecular formula but different structures

Question 9

How do monosaccharides provide energy?

Answer 9

During cellular respiration, C-C bonds and C-OH bonds in glucose are broken in discrete steps to release energy that can be harvested into ATP

Question 10

How do disaccharides form?

Answer 10

• When monosaccharides are linked by O-glycosidic bonds

- Dehydration reaction

Question 11

What is a glycosidic bond?

Answer 11

A bond that forms between carbohydrates

Question 12

Glucose + Glucose = ?

Answer 12

Maltose

Question 13

Glucose + Fructose = ?

Answer 13

Sucrose

Question 14

Glucose + Galactose = ?

Answer 14

Lactose

Question 15

What is the structure of cellulose?

Answer 15

Beta - 1,4 - glycosidic bond

Straight chain shape

Question 16

What is the structure of glycogen?

Answer 16

Alpha - 1,4 - glycosidic bonds
Alpha - 1,6 - glycosidic bonds
Highly branched shape