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Biology- year 1 > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

Monomer

A

Single unit

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2
Q

Polymer

A

Many repeating single units

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3
Q

Polymerisation

A

The process of joining monomers to form polymers

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4
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Monomers such as glucose, galactose, fructose and ribose

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5
Q

Disaccharide

A

Two monomers joined together such as maltose, sucrose and lactose

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6
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose + glucose

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7
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose + fructose

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8
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose + galactose

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9
Q

1,4 glycosidic bond

A

An oxygen bond between carbons 1 and 4 on glucose monomers

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10
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A reaction in which one of the products in water (H2O)

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11
Q

Alpha glucose

A

A hexoses sugar which has the hydrogen on the top of carbon 1 and the hydroxide on the bottom of carbon 1

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12
Q

Beta glucose

A

A hexoses sugar that has its hydroxide on the top of carbon 1 and it’s hydrogen on the bottom of carbon 1

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13
Q

Ribose

A

Ribose is a pentose sugar, it is the sugar component of RNA nucleotides

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14
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Three or more monomers joined together such as starch, cellulose and glycogen

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15
Q

Starch

A

Amylose and amylopectin

The store of glucose in plants

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16
Q

Amylose

A

Made from a-glucose, joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds. With a coiled structure to reduce space used. Also with no branches.

17
Q

Amylopectin

A

Made of a-glucose with 1,4 glycosidic bonds. Also using 1,6 glycosidic bonds which allows for branches. Also using a coiled structure.

18
Q

Amylopectin branches

A

Easier to break off (protects the amylose) to create energy during a hydrolysis reaction. This makes it a quick energy source that is also insoluble as it does not affect the water potential of the cell.

19
Q

Glycogen

A

Storage polysaccharide in animals
Alpha glucose
1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds for many branches (more than starch)

20
Q

Cellulose

A

Structural building molecule
Beta glucose
Formation of the 1,4 glycosidic bonds are only possible if one of the beta glucose molecules is followed vertically

Biology- year 1 (4 decks)

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