carbohydrates Flashcards
what is the primary function of carbohydrates?
the primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy, carbohydrates provide us with 16.7 kJ/g of energy.
the energy they provide us with fuel activities such as movement, repairing wounds, growing and thinking.
what elements comprise carbohydrates?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what happens when glucose is absorbed into the blood?
- the glucose is used
- the glucose is converted to glycogen
- the glucose is converted to fats.
what are simple carbohydrates?
simple carbohydrates consist of one sugar (monosaccharides ) or two sugars (disaccharides).
what are some examples of simple carbohydrates?
simple carbohydrates include baked goods, carbonated drinks and table sugars.
what are complex carbohydrates? and what are there functions?
complex carbohydrates are known as polysaccharides, including starch and fibres.
storage: starch in plants and glycogen in animals
structure: cellulose creates plant cell walls and chitin creates fungal cell walls.
what are some examples of complex carbohydrates?
complex carbohydrates include wholegrain bread, pasta, fruits and chia seeds.
what is fibre?
fibre is a complex carbohydrate that the body cannot break down, it progresses through to the intestines without being digested and releases energy.
what is the difference between soluble and insoluble fibre?
soluble fibre dissolves in water forming a gel like substance, this slows digestion, which makes you feel fuller for longer.
insoluble fibre does not dissolve in water, it provides bulk and binds to other waste to be excreted, which assists in the prevention of constipation.
what is the function of fibre in the body?
- promotes healthier teeth and gums through chewing
- slows absorption of nutrients and reduces likelihood of blood glucose spikes
- soluble fibre helps reduce blood cholesterol levels
excess consumption of carbohydrates
type 2 diabetes
tooth decay
obesity
deficiency of carbohydrates
protein is used: once glycogen stores are depleted, protein can be broken down and converted into glucose, resulting in reduced muscle mass.
mood: experience headaches, weakness, irritability, and even fainting.
what is the glycemic index?
the glycemic index shows how quickly each food affects your blood sugar (glucose) level upon lone consumption of the food.
Foods with low GI release sugars slowly into your blood.
Foods with high GI cause blood sugar levels to spike quickly.
