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Medical Science > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is a polymer ?

A

A molecule made up of many monomers joined together

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2
Q

What reaction joins monomers to form a polymer ?

A

Condensation reaction

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3
Q

What reaction breaking a down polymers to monomers ?

A

Hydrolysis

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4
Q

What element are carbohydrates composed of ?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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5
Q

What is the general formula of a carbohydrate?

A

C6H12O6

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6
Q

Monosaccharides examples

A

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

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7
Q

What is a hexose sugar ?

A

6 carbon atom e.g glucose

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8
Q

What is a pentode sugar ?

A

5 carbon sugar C5H10O5

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9
Q

What is a triose sugar ?

A

3 carbon sugar C3H6O3

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10
Q

What is an isomer ?

A

atoms that have same formula but arranged differently

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11
Q

What’s the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose ?

A

The right hand side Hydroxyl groups are inverted

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12
Q

What is glyceraldehyde ?

A

A triose monosaccharide

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13
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

A 2 sugar molecule

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14
Q

What bond is between 2 monosaccharides?

A

Glycosidic bond

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15
Q

What monosaccharides form maltose ?

A

Two alpha Glucose

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16
Q

What monosaccharides form sucrose ?

A

Alpha glucose and fructose

17
Q

What monosaccharides form lactose ?

A

Alpha glucose and galactose

18
Q

What’s a polysaccharide ?

A

Chains of money monomers of Either alpha glucose or beta glucose

19
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

20
Q

What is glycogen used for ?

A

Energy storage molecule in animals found in liver cells and muscle tissue

21
Q

Why are glycogen and starch suited as energy storage molecules ?

A

Compact
Large and insoluble
Glycogen can be quickly hydrolysed

22
Q

What is starch ?

A

Energy storage molecule in plants and mixture of amylose and amylopectin

23
Q

What is amylose ?

A

An unbranched but coiled chain of alpha glucose

24
Q

What is amylopectin ?

A

Branched chain of alpha glucose molecules

25
Q

What is cellulose ?

A

A component of cell walls in plants composed of long unbranched chains of beta glucose

Medical Science (4 decks)

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