Carbohydrates Flashcards
what are the monomers that make up carbohydrates called?
what elements make up a carbohydrate
monosaccharides
Carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
how to remember where the OH group goes on glucose
Alpha
Below
Beta
Above ABBA
why is it good that glucose is soluble
can easily be transported
Its chemical bonds require a lot of energy to break
Ribose
is a pentose sugar
with 5 carbon atoms in a pentagon shape
what are glycosidic bonds
bonds that are formed between monosaccharides
hydrogen atom on one monnosaccharide reacts with OH on another
releasing a molecule of water(CONDENSATION)
what is a hydrolysis reaction
breaking a glycodic bond with water
2 alpha glucose=
maltose
alpha glucose and fructose=
Sucrose
ALPHA/BETA glucose
THEN
galactose
Lactose
what are the 3 types of polysaccharides
1) starch
2) glycogen
3) cellulose
what is starch
what is its purpose
and what is one of its best properties
mixture of 2 polysacchrides of alpaha glucose( amylose and amylopectin)
It is the main energy storage in plants ( excess glucose is converted into starch)
it is insoluble so it doesnt afffect water potential of a cell
what is amylose
and how does it get its coiled structure
it is an unbranched chain of alpha glucose
The angles of the glycosidic bonds give its coiled structure
makes it compact- so good for storage
what is amylopectin and why is its branched structure important
branched chain of alpha glucose
side branches allow enzymes to get at glycosidic bonds, so glucose is released quickly
what is glycogen
and what is its purpose
why is it good for storage
animals store excess glucose as glycogen( polysaccharide of alpha glucose)
MORE SIDE BRANCHES THAN AMYLOPECTIN
which means stored glucose can be released quickly which is important for energy release in animals
also very compact so good for storage
what is cellulose made up of
what is its structure
what is its purpose
long UNBRANCHED cahins of beta glucose
beta glucoses bond to form straight cellulose chains
they are linked by hydrogen bonds to form strong fibres called microfibrils
which cellulose provides strucutural support to cells
